Abstract:Photovoltaic water pumping systems (PVWPS) are an interesting solution to improve water access in off-grid areas. Irradiance being the main input of PVWPS models, the source (local sensor or satellite database) and temporal resolution of irradiance data strongly influence the accuracy of PVWPS models and the optimal sizing obtained from these models. We show that we can use satellite data instead of data from a local sensor and a temporal resolution of 1 hour without significantly changing the model accuracy a… Show more
“…Atmospheric sub-model. For each location, the irradiance on the plane of the PV modules G pv at time t can be deduced from satellite data by 47,48 :…”
Groundwater pumping using photovoltaic energy has the potential to transform water services in poorly served areas. Here we develop a numerical model that uses openly available data to simulate the abstraction capacities of photovoltaic water pumping systems across Africa. The first contribution of this article is the detailed design of the large-scale model to include realistic geological constraints on the depth of pumping and sub-hourly irradiance time series. The second one is the provision of results for the whole continent. We simulated results for three system sizes (100, 1000, 3000 Wp) and the daily pumped volumes were found to vary between 0.1 and 180 m3, depending on the size and location. We show that, for much of Africa, groundwater pumping using photovoltaic energy is constrained by aquifer conditions, rather than irradiance. Our results can help identify regions where photovoltaic pumping has the highest potential and help target large scale investments.
“…Atmospheric sub-model. For each location, the irradiance on the plane of the PV modules G pv at time t can be deduced from satellite data by 47,48 :…”
Groundwater pumping using photovoltaic energy has the potential to transform water services in poorly served areas. Here we develop a numerical model that uses openly available data to simulate the abstraction capacities of photovoltaic water pumping systems across Africa. The first contribution of this article is the detailed design of the large-scale model to include realistic geological constraints on the depth of pumping and sub-hourly irradiance time series. The second one is the provision of results for the whole continent. We simulated results for three system sizes (100, 1000, 3000 Wp) and the daily pumped volumes were found to vary between 0.1 and 180 m3, depending on the size and location. We show that, for much of Africa, groundwater pumping using photovoltaic energy is constrained by aquifer conditions, rather than irradiance. Our results can help identify regions where photovoltaic pumping has the highest potential and help target large scale investments.
“…Since January 2018, we have been collecting the irradiance on the plane of the PV array G pv , the ambient temperature T a , and the collected flow rate Q c in Gogma with a time step of~2.2 s [28]. The data used were rescaled to an equally spaced temporal resolution of 1 min by nearest interpolation [42,43]. The water demand is inferred from the collected flow rate and is characterized by a list of user groups g i , with their arrival time t i and their water demand volume V * di .…”
Section: Technical and Economic Models Parametersmentioning
Photovoltaic water pumping systems (PVWPS) are a promising solution to improve domestic water access in low-income rural areas. It is challenging, however, to make them more affordable for the local communities. We develop here a comparative methodology to assess relevant features of both widely employed PVWPS architecture with water tank storage, and hardly used PVWPS architecture with a battery bank instead of tank storage. The quantitative comparison is carried out through techno-economic optimization, with the goal of minimizing the life cycle cost of PVWPS with constraints on the satisfaction of the water demand of local inhabitants and on the groundwater resource sustainability. It is aimed to support decision-makers in selecting most appropriate storage for domestic water supply projects. We applied the methodology in the rural village of Gogma, Burkina Faso. Results indicate that the life-cycle cost of an optimized PVWPS with batteries is $24.1k while it is $31.1k if a tank is used instead. Moreover, reduced impact on groundwater resources and greater modularity to adapt to evolving water demand is noted if using batteries. However, as batteries must be replaced regularly and recycled adequately, PVWPS’ financial accessibility could increase only if sustainable and efficient operation, maintenance, and recycling facilities for batteries were present or developed locally.
“…2 with a time step of ~2.2 s since January 2018 with a data logger. We rescaled the data to an equally spaced temporal resolution of 1 minute by nearest interpolation [25] [26].…”
A sensitivity analysis is carried out on the parameters of a photovoltaic water pumping system (PVWPS) for domestic water supply in rural areas. The results show that the photovoltaic modules peak power, the motor-pump efficiency and the water tank volume strongly influence the system performance. This highlights that these parameters constitute judicious optimization variables. Besides, the cost of the motor-pump, the cost of the water tank and the lifetime of the PVWPS have the largest impact on the system cost. These 6 parameters are therefore of primary importance for the techno-economic optimal sizing of the system. Finally, it is shown that the hydraulic losses play a minor role and that it is not necessary to consider the evolution of the ambient temperature when modelling PVWPS for domestic water supply. This study can be useful to non-governmental organizations, companies and governments which install PVWPS for domestic water access. It can help them to determine the accuracy at which a given parameter has to be known to correctly model or size these systems. Besides, it can allow them to evaluate the robustness of PVWPS sizing to parameters variation with time and may guide their choice of components.
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