“…To date, several state-of-art methods including ion exchange, 39 biological treatment, 40 electrochemical methods, 41,42 photocatalytic degradation, [43][44][45] biochar treatment, 46 aerobic/anaerobic digestion, 47 advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), 48 and coagulation 49 have been exploited to reduce and remove different pollutants. Among them, photocatalytic degradation, membrane separation, and adsorption techniques have many advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, simplicity, outstanding removal a National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.…”