Effect of iron and tungsten substitution on the dielectric response and phase transformations of BaTiO 3 pervoskite ceramic

Study of diffuse phase transition and relaxor ferroelectric behavior of Ba0.97Bi0.02Ti0.9Zr0.05Nb0.04O3 ceramic

“…The tting results were computed for the sample and are given in Table 3, for T F ¼ 586 K and E a ¼ 0.052 eV for region II and T F ¼ 669 K and E a ¼ 0.033 eV for region III. Similarly, the low values of the activation energy are also found by Zhang et al 62 for 0.9Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -0.1PbTiO 3 relaxors (E a z 0.012 eV), F. Bourgiba et al 63 for BaTi 0.5 (Fe 0.33 -W 0.17 )O 3 ceramics (E a z 0.0494-0.0586 eV) and Tinberg 64 (1 À x) BaTiO 3 -xBiScO 3 lms (E a z 0.05-0.12 eV). The activation energy E a , much lower in our ceramic, reected a lower barrier between two potential wells.…”

Effect of frequency on the classical and relaxor ferroelectric behavior of substituted titanate Ba0.7Er0.16Ca0.05Ti0.91Sn0.09O3

“…23), indicating a relaxor behavior. 78 This behavior may be attributed to microscopic cluster disorder originating from the substitution of Ti by Sn 79 or other factors. Numerous factors, including changes in microscopic compositions, the fusion of micropolar and macropolar areas, and the connection of order parameters and local disorder mode via local strain, might cause the relaxor behavior seen in these ceramics.…”

Defects and Aliovalent Doping Engineering in Electroceramics

“…Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) is probably the most widely studied and used multifunctional ferroelectric ceramic. A great deal of experimental and theoretical researches on both aliovalent and isovalent doping in BaTiO 3 has produced great insights, which are constantly growing. ,,,,,− …”