Effect of ionizing radiation on the male reproductive system

Wdowiak, Artur; Skrzypek, Michał; Stec, Magdalena; Panasiuk, Lech

doi:10.26444/aaem/106085

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The study aims to describe the state of knowledge concerning the effect of IR on the functioning of the female reproductive system. The presented state of knowledge, in compilation with the findings contained in the previously published article [9], would allow the development of an integral conceptualization of the role of IR in the etiopathogenesis of fertility disorders.…”

Section: Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanisms and markers of IR gonadotoxicity. The sensitivity of the living matter to IR depends of the type of radiation, irradiation dose, time when the dose was administered, type of irradiated cell and phase of cell division [9]. IR causes the radiolysis of water in cell structures, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced as a result, may damage DNA.…”

Section: Specificity Of Female Gametogenesis and Studies Of Radiosensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some pathological syndromes with the lack of NHEJ proteins are characterized by an elevated morbidity due to cancerous diseases, and the absence of activity of these proteins results in high radiosensitivity [22]. The repair of DNA damage in the mechanism of NHEJ takes place with the participation of the Ku protein [2,9,23,25,26]. In turn, the pathway of repair through HRR does not pose the risk of genetic errors; however, the second identical DNA strand (sister chromatid) is necessary for this kind of DNA repair process.…”

Section: Specificity Of Female Gametogenesis and Studies Of Radiosensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the best recognized chemical agents which are attributable to the generation of oxidative stress, are indicated heavy metals, air pollution, plant protection products and tobacco smoke [4,5,6,7]. The physical factors responsible for inducing this phenomenon are electromagnetic fields [8] and ionizing radiation (IR) [9]. Health behaviours, including nutritional [10], play an important role in the generation of oxidative stress and combatting its effects [3].…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of ionizing radiation on the female reproductive system

Skrzypek¹,

Wdowiak²,

Panasiuk³

et al. 2019

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and objective. The tendency towards postponement of maternity implies a greater exposure of female germ cells to damaging environmental effects, including ionizing radiation (IR). Progress in paediatric oncology, based on the use of radiotherapy, also implies the occurrence of gonadal dysfunctions and subsequent female fertility disorders. Therefore, it seems justifiable to systematize the state of knowledge concerning the effect of IR on the female reproductive system. Brief description of the state of knowledge. A considerable part of studies concerning the effect of IR on female germ cells have been conducted on animals. Their extrapolation to humans is hindered because in animal studies high acute exposures are applied, which do not reflect human environmental exposures characterized by chronic low dose exposure. Studies on animals provide a heterogenous image, which hinders the formulation of unequivocal conclusions and indicates that radiosensitivity depends, i.a. on IR dose, stage of development of oocytes, the applied marker of the effects of IR, or on the species. LD50 of human oocytes is estimated to be below 2 Gy. The effect of IR depends, i.a. on the dose fractionation and the age (older women are more radiosensitive). In females, the effective sterilizing dose is: at birth 20.3 Gy, at 10 years 18.4 Gy, at 20 years 16.5 Gy, whereas at 30 years 14.3 Gy, which is associated with the available pool of ovarian follicles. Conclusions. Within the range of low doses received as a result of environmental exposure to IR, there is no evidence for the occurrence of either adverse pregnancy outcomes, nor fertility disorders in females. These effects may be related to the cancer radiotherapy, or exposure to high IR doses during nuclear accidents.

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Section: Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Specificity Of Female Gametogenesis and Studies Of Radiosensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Specificity Of Female Gametogenesis and Studies Of Radiosensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of ionizing radiation on the female reproductive system

Skrzypek¹,

Wdowiak²,

Panasiuk³

et al. 2019

Ann Agric Environ Med.

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…(2) Effects of radiation on germline DNA damage and minisatellite mutations Spermatogonia are also less susceptible to DNA damage after exposure to ionizing radiation, and the minimum dose that causes detectable DNA damage in male germ cells is 30 Gy 34) .…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptorchidism after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident:causation or coincidence?

Kojima

Yokoya

Kurita

et al. 2019

FJMS

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Cryptorchidism (undescended testes) is among the most common congenital diseases in male children. Although many factors have been linked to the incidence of cryptorchidism, and testicular androgen plays a key role in its pathogenesis, the cause remains unknown in most cases. Recently, a Japanese group published a speculative paper entitled, "Nationwide increase in cryptorchidism after the Fukushima nuclear accident." Although the authors implicated radionuclides emitted from the Fukushima accident as contributing to an increased incidence of cryptorchidism, they failed to establish biological plausibility for their hypothesis, and glossed over an abundance of evidence and expert opinion to the contrary. We assessed the adequacy of their study in terms of design setting, data analysis, and its conclusion from various perspectives. Numerous factors must be considered, including genetic, environmental, maternal/fetal, and social factors associated with the reporting of cryptorchidism. Other investigators have established that the doses of external and internal radiation exposure in both Fukushima prefecture and the whole of Japan after the accident are too low to affect testicular descent during fetal periods ; thus, a putative association can be theoretically and empirically rejected. Alternative explanations exist for the reported estimates of increased cryptorchidism surgeries in the years following Japan's 2011 earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear crisis. Data from independent sources cast doubt on the extent to which cryptorchidism increased, if at all. In any case, evidence that radionuclides from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant could cause cryptorchidism is lacking.

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Lycopene protects against ionizing radiation‐induced testicular damage by inhibition of apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction

Qu,

He,

Guo

2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Ionizing radiation (IR) is one of the key contributors that cause male infertility by disturbing spermatogenesis. Lycopene, a carotenoid with strong antioxidant properties, was shown to protect against oxidative damage induced by IR in several experimental models. The present study was designed to explore the possible protective effects of lycopene against IR‐induced testicular damage in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were administered lycopene (20 mg/kg) by oral gavage for seven consecutive days prior to a single dose of whole‐body X‐ray irradiation (4 Gy, 1 Gy/min). We observed that lycopene remarkably augmented sperm motility and reduced sperm abnormalities in mice following IR exposure. Histopathological analyses also revealed that lycopene ameliorated the structural damage of seminiferous tubules and enhanced the regeneration of seminiferous epithelium following IR stress. Moreover, lycopene attenuated IR‐induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by a decreasing lipid peroxidation level and an increase in the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase activity. In addition, lycopene reduced the γH2AX expression and the number of TUNEL‐positive cells in the germinal epithelium, as well as restoring the imbalance of Bax/Bcl‐2 expression induced by IR exposure. Furthermore, lycopene prevented mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and ATP reduction and preserved the activities of mitochondrial complexes I‐IV in the testes of mice after exposure to IR. Lycopene also improved mitochondrial biogenesis in testes of mice exposed to IR, presenting as restored expressions of PGC‐1α, Nrf1, and Tfam. Taken together, our results suggest that lycopene alleviates IR‐induced testicular damage, and the underlying mechanism involves at least in part the inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and the maintenance of mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis. The beneficial effect of lycopene highlights the therapeutic potential of this plant‐derived antioxidant against impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility induced by IR.

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Effect of ionizing radiation on the male reproductive system

Cited by 37 publications

References 52 publications

Effect of ionizing radiation on the female reproductive system

Effect of ionizing radiation on the female reproductive system

Cryptorchidism after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident:causation or coincidence?

Lycopene protects against ionizing radiation‐induced testicular damage by inhibition of apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction

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