Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Gastrointestinal Physiology

Gunter-Smith, Pamela J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-184050-1.50009-1

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This radiation-induced loss of exchange surface is generally associated with intestinal functional impairments such as the loss of water and electrolytes (Zsebok and Petranyi 1964, Gits and Gerber 1973, Geraci et al 1985, Gunter Smith 1987, 1989, Barabanova and Guskova 1990, diminished transport of various substrates (Bear et al 1987), barrier dysfunction and subsequent bacterial transmigration (Porvaznik 1979, Thomson et al 1984, and compromised responses to antigens (Harari et al 1994, MacNaughton 2000 for a review). Exposure of healthy intestinal tissues during the course of radiation therapy for cancers in the abdominal and pelvic area might be associated with the development of acute and/or chronic pathologies generally referred to as radiation enteritis (Berthrong and Fajardo 1981, Schofield 1983, Yeoh and Horowitz 1987.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

‘In‐field’ and ‘out‐of‐field’ functional impairment during subacute and chronic phases of experimental radiation enteropathy in the rat

François

Milliat

Vozenin

et al. 2003

International Journal of Radiation Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Radiation enteritis was characterized by functional impairment, within as well as outside, the irradiation field. During the subacute phase, the irradiated segment may be a source of mediators which might influence intestinal function outside the site of injury via the blood stream and/or enteric nervous system. The development of an intestinal occlusion syndrome during the chronic phase might be responsible for intestinal dysfunction but it does not rule out a possible inflammatory process developing in the shielded parts of the small intestine.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

‘In‐field’ and ‘out‐of‐field’ functional impairment during subacute and chronic phases of experimental radiation enteropathy in the rat

François

Milliat

Vozenin

et al. 2003

International Journal of Radiation Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 Radiation treatment is able to cause a variety of gastrointestinal side effects. 2 The radiation-induced damage to the GI tract, even when the latter is not a target structure, has a negative effect on the patient's general condition, the development of the recovery process and quality of life. In this respect, studies investigating the damaging effects of ionizing radiation are quite topical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Contractile Activity and Reactivity to 5-HT of Smooth Muscles of Rats Following Total Body Irradiation with Accelerated Electrons

Xenodochidis

Ardasheva

Popov³

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Besides its “classical” neurotransmitter function in the central and peripheral nervous systems, serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is also a local hormone in a number of tissues, including those of the GI tract. Radiation is known to be able to disrupt certain functions of the tract, modulated by 5-HT-signaling pathways, or the serotonin receptors themselves. Aim: The present investigation focused on clarifying the nature and extent of influence of an accelerated electron beam with energy of 9 MeV on the serotonergic mediation of healthy smooth muscle gastric tissue of rats following total body irradiation of the animals. Materials and methods: The study involved a control group and two experimental groups of animals exposed to 1 and 5 Gy, respectively, using Siemens Primus S/N 3561. Circular smooth muscle tissues were isolated from rats 1 hour and 18 hours after they were exposed to 1 and 5 Gy and also 5 days after irradiation from the rats that received a dose of 5 Gy in order to investigate the action of exogenous serotonin at increasing concentrations from 10-8 to 10-4 mol/l. The contractile reactivity of each group SM preparations was registered isometrically. Results: Electron beams with energy of 9 MeV did not damage the contractile apparatus of gastric SM of rats and had a stimulating effect on contractility resulting from rapidly developing processes (1 hour) or later occurring once (5 days). Conclusions: Difference was observed in the importance of the factors of received dose, lapse of time from irradiation to investigation of SM tissues, and exogenous 5-HT concentration for the changes in SM reactivity in serotonin-induced tonic and phasic responses.

show abstract

“…One of the major clinical complications associated with exposure to ionizing radiation, either by accident or during radiotherapy, is ensuing diarrhoea, abdominal cramps and associated pain; nausea and vomiting are also common symptoms 1 –4 . The aetiology of radiation‐induced diarrhoea is not well defined but may, in part, stem from effects on the intestinal mucosa, resulting in cell loss and consequent reduction in absorptive surface area, leading to increased fluid and electrolyte losses 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal and colonic motor alterations associated with irradiation‐induced diarrhoea in rats

Picard¹,

Wysocki²,

Fioramonti³

et al. 2001

Neurogastroenterology Motil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Localized application of ionizing radiation to the gastrointestinal tract frequently elicits responses, which include diarrhoea. The origin of this symptom is not clear but has been attributed to loss of epithelial integrity, together with alterations in motility and increased secretion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a 10 Gy abdominal gamma irradiation leads to an inflammatory reaction, and to compare intestinal and colonic motility in controls and abdominally irradiated rats 1, 3 and 7 days after irradiation, using an electromyographic technique. The motility parameters analysed were the frequency and velocity of propagation of migrating myoelectric complexes (MMC) in the jejunum and colonic spike activity (long spike bursts; LSB) per 10 min in fasted rats. The MMC frequency was significantly reduced on days 1 and 7 after irradiation and the MMC pattern was markedly disrupted on day 3. The frequency of colonic LSB was significantly reduced on days 1, 3 and 7. Mouth to anus transit was significantly accelerated on day 3 only and diarrhoea was observed at this time. Myeloperoxidase activity in the jejunum and colon was also increased on this day only. It is concluded that irradiation-induced diarrhoea occurs contemporaneously with disruption of MMC in the small intestine.

show abstract

Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Gastrointestinal Physiology

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

‘In‐field’ and ‘out‐of‐field’ functional impairment during subacute and chronic phases of experimental radiation enteropathy in the rat

‘In‐field’ and ‘out‐of‐field’ functional impairment during subacute and chronic phases of experimental radiation enteropathy in the rat

Changes in the Contractile Activity and Reactivity to 5-HT of Smooth Muscles of Rats Following Total Body Irradiation with Accelerated Electrons

Intestinal and colonic motor alterations associated with irradiation‐induced diarrhoea in rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About