Effect of ionic liquids on human colon carcinoma HT-29 and CaCo-2 cell lines

Frade, Raquel F. M.; Matias, Ana A.; Branco, Luı́s C.; Afonso, Carlos A. M.; Duarte, Catarina M.M.

doi:10.1039/b617526k

Cited by 146 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This in some way reduces the risk and hazards associated with the preparation of Pd nanoparticles. However, it cannot be ignored that phosphonium ILs themselves are known to be toxic, 28 and therefore the quest for truly benign syntheses of Pd nanoparticles continues. The in situ prepared Pd nanocrystals showed good catalytic activity in a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Pd nanocrystals in phosphonium ionic liquids without any external reducing agents

Kalviri

Kerton

2011

Green Chem.

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Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs) are found to support the formation of Pd (0) nanoparticles without the addition of reducing agents such as NaBH 4 . The resulting particles are highly crystalline and have been characterized by a range of techniques including TEM and XRD. Their sizes are in the range 7 ± 2 nm. The particle formation process is highly dependent on the anion of the IL with no nanoparticles observed when the chloride derivative was used. Particle shape could be controlled through varying the anion of the IL and the Pd(II) precursor used. Palladium chloride reagents gave truncated octahedron shaped particles in trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, whereas palladium acetate under the same conditions afforded a mixture of shapes including triangular plates. We propose that the presence of chloride anions in the reaction mixtures led to oxidative etching of the particles and that this process can be reduced in the presence of certain anion partners in the IL including bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate. Two possible reduction mechanisms based on reactions of the phosphonium cation are suggested for the formation of the Pd(0) species. The resulting nanoparticles are effective in catalyzing the Suzuki reaction of 4-bromotoluene and benzene boronic acid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Pd nanocrystals in phosphonium ionic liquids without any external reducing agents

Kalviri

Kerton

2011

Green Chem.

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“…Although the negligible volatility of ILs is one appealing point in the use of ILs in place of volatile organic solvents, the finite solubility of ILs in water has raised concern in wastewater treatments and other circumstances. [169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187] Since ILs are salts having certain solubility in water, the interface between an IL and water is inevitably electrified. There are a number of systems in which the phase-boundary potential across the IL|W interface plays a crucial role in determining the physicochemical characteristics of the systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual Solubility of Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids and Water in Liquid-Liquid Two-phase Systems for Analytical Chemistry

Kakiuchi

2008

ANAL. SCI.

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Liquid-liquid two-phase systems formed by a hydrophobic ionic liquid and water find several useful ways of application in analytical chemistry. One of the most important properties of such two-phase systems is the mutual solubility of the IL and water. Recent advancements on this subject have been reviewed. The solubility of ionic liquids in water is related to the standard Gibbs energies of the transfer of ions constituting the ionic liquid from the ionic liquid phase to water. Although this single ionic property cannot be measured thermodynamically and also varies from one ionic liquid to another, the standard Gibbs energy of the ion transfer from a polar aprotic solvent, such as nitrobenzene and 1,2-dichloroethane, to water is a convenient measure for it. The solubility of an ionic liquid in water and the electrochemical properties at the interface between the two phases are intimately related with each other.

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“…Results showed that the presence of a carboxylic group at the end of the alkyl chain greatly decreases toxicity, and that by further changing the carboxylic group to an ester, an increase in the toxicity was observed. (Frade et al, 2007) This inherent tuneability was recently highlighted as a key feature that is entirely appropriate and applicable to the field of pharmaceuticals (Hough et al, 2007). In this context, one good example of a biocompatible IL-based polymer gel was given by Sehgal and co-workers.…”

Section: Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%