Effect of inundation duration on<i>Salix gracilistyla</i>density and size on a gravel bar

Nakai, Arisa; Kisanuki, Hiromitsu

doi:10.1007/s10310-007-0027-7

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The colonization by Salix spp. in coarse sediments (3-10 cm) was previously reported by Nakai and Kisanuki (2007). In our study area, A. julibrissin also colonized coarse sediments, while R. pseudoacacia colonized only finer sediment.…”

Section: Implications Of Sediment Mobilization On Tree Mortalitysupporting

confidence: 75%

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Spatial and temporal tree colonization in a midstream sediment bar and the mechanisms governing tree mortality during a flood event

Asaeda

Gomes

Takeda

2009

River Research & Apps

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Reduced disturbances in regulated rivers can result in stable tree colonisation in downstream reaches. We examined spatial and temporal tree colonisation on a midstream sediment bar, focussing on three dominant taxa: Salix spp. (primarily Salix gilgiana), Robinia pseudoacacia and Albizia julibrissin. We developed allometric relationships for tree height, tree age and tree diameter at breast and knee height, as well as relationships between above and below-ground biomass. The spatial profiles for all individual trees of these taxa were obtained before and after a major flood in September 2007. Pre-flood data indicate that R. pseudoacacia colonize the highest elevations, A. julibrissin lower elevations and Salix spp. the lowest elevations of the three taxa. The oldest trees at each elevation were found to have survived 1.8-2.5 m inundation in past floods. Results of investigations subsequent to the flood event in September 2007 suggest that trees can survive flooding as long as their roots remain embedded in the soil. Individuals of Salix spp. experienced higher levels of inundation, but showed the greatest survival. This is probably due to morphological acclimations, particularly deep root systems and high elasticity of shoots. Considering inundation depths, erosion depths and sediment particle sizes in tree habitats, we found that sediment mobilization was the major cause of tree mortality. Thus, the ability of Salix spp. to colonize coarse sediments greatly contributed to its survival, as coarse sediments result in significantly less tractive force.

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Section: Implications Of Sediment Mobilization On Tree Mortalitysupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The ability of Salix spp. to colonize along river channels has been attributed to the physiological characteristics of this taxon, particularly its intolerance to drought stress (Bowman and Conant, 1994;Hupp and Osterkamp, 1996;Scott et al, 1996;Nakai and Kisanuki, 2007). In addition, Salix spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatial and temporal tree colonization in a midstream sediment bar and the mechanisms governing tree mortality during a flood event

Asaeda

Gomes

Takeda

2009

River Research & Apps

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“…3 a). This is in agreement with field observations that mature S. gracilistyla individuals are positively affected by surface inundation (Nakai and Kisanuki 2007b) and can tolerate flooding in running water for several weeks. In addition, the moisture conditions in the rooting zone of the FR cuttings were rich because of a continuous supply of water and oxygen.…”

Section: Reduction In Transpiration Areasupporting

confidence: 91%

Growth responses of Salix gracilistyla cuttings to a range of substrate moisture and oxygen availability

Nakai

Yurugi

Kisanuki

2009

Ecological Research

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The objective of this study is to determine the effects of substrate moisture and oxygen availability on growth traits of Salix gracilistyla Miquel, which colonizes gravel bars along rivers, the shoot growth schedule, biomass production, and resource allocation were examined under greenhouse conditions. We used four treatments representing a range of substrate moisture and oxygen availability: drought (D), flooding with standing water (FS), flooding with running water (FR), and control without drought or flooding (C). Cuttings in D stopped flushing and had low biomass production, reduced total leaf mass, and small leaves. Under anaerobic conditions, cuttings in FS stopped flushing and had low biomass production, small root biomass, low biomass allocation to roots, shallow roots, high biomass allocation to hypertrophied lenticels, and a few small, thick leaves. Under aerobic conditions, cuttings in FR showed continuous branch elongation and flushing, large biomass production, and large leaf biomass, similar to cuttings in C, in addition to low allocation to hypertrophied lenticels and many large leaves. The growth of cuttings was not inhibited by flooding of the roots throughout the experiment unless the conditions were anaerobic. Thus, cuttings respond to water stress under low moisture conditions by reducing the transpiration area and respond to flooding under low oxygen conditions by high allocation to hypertrophied lenticels and reduced transpiration area. Plasticity in the shoot growth schedule, biomass production, and resource allocation according to moisture conditions and the ability to develop hypertrophied lenticels upon flooding allow S. gracilistyla to colonize sites in which both desiccation and flooding occur.

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“…At sites along rivers, the duration of flooding, which depends on elevation, is expected to strongly affect the population dynamics of S. gracilistyla, because adult trees of this species are primarily distributed at specific elevations (Nakai and Kisanuki 2007b). Furthermore, most S. gracilistyla current-year seedlings at low elevations with long flooding duration and at high elevations with short flooding duration cannot survive until autumn (Nakai and Kisanuki 2007a;Nakai unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Stress responses in Salix gracilistyla cuttings subjected to repetitive alternate flooding and drought

Nakai

Yurugi

Kisanuki

2010

Trees

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To determine the tolerance of Salix gracilistyla to repetitive alternate flooding and drought, we measured leaf stomatal conductance, pre-dawn water potential, osmotic adjustment, and biomass production under greenhouse conditions. We used a control and nine crossed treatments (F1-D1-F3-D3) in which we combined 1-, 2-, or 3-week floodings (F) and droughts (D). Leaf stomatal conductance was lowest in 3 weeks of flooding or drought when the preceding event (flood or drought) was also of a 3-week duration. Leaf pre-dawn water potential was reduced in 3 weeks of drought when preceded by 2 or 3 weeks of flooding. Cuttings had slight osmotic adjustments in repetitions of long floodings and droughts. During longer durations of drought in crossed experiments, plants had low root and shoot mass, few hypertrophic lenticels, and reduced leaf mass; when flooding duration increased in crossed experiments, root mass was reduced, there were more hypertrophic lenticels, and the leaf area was reduced. Cuttings achieved stress tolerance by inhibition of transpiration, osmotic adjustment, reduction of transpiration area, and development of hypertrophic lenticels. Stress tolerance was weak when repetitive 2-or 3-week floodings were combined with 3-week droughts. The duration of flooding and drought periods under which S. gracilistyla achieves stress tolerance may be critical in determining distributions along riverbanks.

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Effect of inundation duration onSalix gracilistyladensity and size on a gravel bar

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial and temporal tree colonization in a midstream sediment bar and the mechanisms governing tree mortality during a flood event

Spatial and temporal tree colonization in a midstream sediment bar and the mechanisms governing tree mortality during a flood event

Growth responses of Salix gracilistyla cuttings to a range of substrate moisture and oxygen availability

Stress responses in Salix gracilistyla cuttings subjected to repetitive alternate flooding and drought

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