Effect of Introductions on Two Game Populations in Czechoslovakia

Turček, F. J.; Hickey, Joseph J.

doi:10.2307/3796784

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, especially among populations with pronounced ecological adaptations, outbreeding depression may occur (Hunter & Gibbs, ). The textbook example of dysfunctional crosses involves differences in timing of reproduction in populations adapted to contrasting environmental conditions in ibex ( Capra ibex ) introduced from the Middle East and Austria to the High Tatra mountains in Slovakia, resulting in offspring production in winter (Greig, ; Turcek, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolves at the crossroad: Fission–fusion range biogeography in the Western Carpathians and Central Europe

Hulva

Bolfíková

Woznicová

et al. 2017

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Population fragmentation represents a leitmotif of conservation biology, but the impact of population reconnection is less well studied. The recent recolonization of large carnivores in Europe is a good model for studying this phenomenon. We aim to show novel data regarding distribution and population genetic structure of the grey wolf in Central Europe, a region considered a frequent crossroad and contact zone of different phylogeographic lineages, in a biogeographic context. Location Western Carpathians, Central Europe. Methods In concordance with the presumption of a highly mobile mammal, individual‐based Bayesian clustering and a posteriori definition of populations were used. Integrating the frameworks of landscape genetics and biogeography enabled the identification of transitions in population architecture. These patterns could be ascribed to isolating factors based on historical knowledge about species demography. Results Genetic differentiation mirrors population isolation and recognized environmental clusters, suggesting ecotypic variation. The east–west split in the Western Carpathians likely represents the signature of range fragmentation during bottlenecks in the 20th century. Mitochondrial variability is more depleted than nuclear variability, indicating founder‐flush demography. Microsatellites show finer‐scale differentiation in the Carpathians compared to the European plain, corresponding to topographic heterogeneity. Long‐range dispersal of a Carpathian wolf (ca. 300 km), the establishment of enclaves originated from the lowland population and admixture with mountain wolves were ascertained, indicating a population fraction producing large‐scale gene flow. Main conclusion Carpathian wolves are characterized by periods of population and range decline due to eradication, facilitating refugial role of alpine habitats and peripatric effects, followed by expansions and fusions probably caused by forest transition, population adaptation and efforts in conservation management. New occurrence and hybridization events predict further contacts between formerly isolated populations, with potential opposing effects of heterosis and outbreeding depression. Population recovery might be hindered due to isolation by environment and anthropogenic impacts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolves at the crossroad: Fission–fusion range biogeography in the Western Carpathians and Central Europe

Hulva

Bolfíková

Woznicová

et al. 2017

Diversity and Distributions

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“…Hybrid breakdown can be a consequence of chromosomal rearrangements (Fishman and Willis 2001), disruption of coadapted gene complexes (Templeton 1986), underdominance (Schierup and Christiansen 1995) or interaction among genomic elements (Rhode and Cruzan 2005). Cases that unequivocally link hybrid breakdown with increased susceptibility to extinction are rare and poorly documented (Turcek 1951) but there is a large body of evidence suggesting that genetic differentiation can result in hybrid breakdown and that this process can occur rapidly (Kidwell and Novy 1979;Boussy and Kidwell 1987;Lozovskaya et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Induced dispersal in wildlife management: experimental evaluation of the risk of hybrid breakdown and the benefit of hybrid vigor in the F1 generation

et al. 2009

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Management practices often aim to increase the level of gene flow by either: introducing animals from captive breeding programs, translocating animals from abundant areas, or increasing the chance of animals dispersing between populations by creating habitat corridors. These practices provide opportunity for the hybrid offspring of introduced and resident animals to experience either increased fitness (hybrid vigor) or decreased fitness (hybrid breakdown). There is very little quantitative data available to adequately assess whether hybridization is likely to be beneficial or detrimental to populations managed in these ways. Using Drosophila melanogaster populations, we conducted two experiments that simulate the common management practices of translocation and wildlife habitat corridors. We monitored the frequency and magnitude of hybrid vigor and hybrid breakdown in F1 hybrids to assess the relative risks and benefits to populations and also monitored net productivity (number of adults produced from controlled crosses) to assess whether the populations were stable or in decline. In the translocation experiment, we observed instances of both significant hybrid vigor and hybrid breakdown, both occurring at a frequency of 9%. In the habitat corridor experiments, populations with moderate to high dispersal (1-4% per generation) did not develop significant hybrid vigor or hybrid breakdown. However, of the populations experiencing low dispersal (0.25% per generation) for 34 generations, 6% displayed significant hybrid vigor and 6% displayed significant hybrid breakdown. These results suggest that in first generation hybrids there may be limited opportunity to utilize hybrid vigor as a tool to increase the short-term viability of populations because there is an equal likelihood of encountering hybrid breakdown that may drive the population into further decline. However, our results apply only to populations of moderate size (N = 50; N e = 14.3) in the absence of deliberate consanguineous mating. Lastly, we observed that net productivity was positively correlated with dispersal rate, suggesting that initial F1 declines in fitness may be temporary and that it is preferable to maintain high levels of selectable variation via induced dispersal to assist the long-term survival of vulnerable populations.

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“…Those who claim that demographic harm might result from outbreeding with individuals from outside the local population have a similarly difficult burden of proof to those concerned about inbreeding. They often quote the same 50-year-old field study (Turcek, 1951) based on anecdotal observations of the failure of a demographic rescue of ibex Capra ibex. The hybrids gave birth to young at an inopportune time of year.…”

Section: General Arguments For and Against Rescuementioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic rescue of the Florida panther

Pimm

Dollar

Bass

2006

Animal Conservation

167

180

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We examine the consequences of panthers introduced from Texas into south Florida, an area housing a small, isolated, inbred and distinct subspecies (Puma concolor coryi). Once part of a continuous, widespread population, panthers became isolated in south Florida more than a century ago. Numbers declined and the occurrence of genetic defects increased. Hoping to reverse the genetic damage, managers introduced eight female panthers from Texas into south Florida in the mid-1990s. This action was highly controversial and we explain the arguments for and against the intervention. We synthesized data systematically collected on the Florida panthers from before, during and after this management intervention. These data include information on movements, breeding, mortality, survivorship and range. There is no evidence that purebred Florida females produce fewer kittens at a later age or less often than do hybrid cats (i.e. those with a Texas ancestor). Hybrid kittens have about a three times higher chance of becoming adults as do purebred ones. Hybrid adult females survive better than purebred females; there is no obvious difference between the males. Males die younger than females, are more often killed by other males and are more likely to disperse longer distances into habitats that are dangerous to them. Hybrids are expanding the known range of habitats panthers occupy and use.

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Effect of Introductions on Two Game Populations in Czechoslovakia

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Wolves at the crossroad: Fission–fusion range biogeography in the Western Carpathians and Central Europe

Wolves at the crossroad: Fission–fusion range biogeography in the Western Carpathians and Central Europe

Induced dispersal in wildlife management: experimental evaluation of the risk of hybrid breakdown and the benefit of hybrid vigor in the F1 generation

The genetic rescue of the Florida panther

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