Effect of intravenous glucose and euglycemic insulin  infusions on short-term appetite and food intake

Chapman, Ian; Goble, Elizabeth A.; Wittert, Gary; Morley, John E.; Horowitz, Michael

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.3.r596

Cited by 62 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The decrease in plasma glucose may not reach hypoglycemic levels, but still give an uncomfortable feeling. It has been shown that minute variations in glucose concentrations can influence feelings of hunger and satiety (Chapman et al, 1998;Gielkens et al, 1998). However, we were not able to detect any increased variability in the peripheral glucose levels measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue in the sensitive subjects.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Effect of fasting on young adults who have symptoms of hypoglycemia in the absence of frequent meals

2007

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Background and Objectives: Among otherwise healthy adults, there is a subgroup of individuals who develop symptoms of hypoglycemia during episodes of food restriction. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether such individuals develop hypoglycemia or react abnormally in other metabolic aspects during a 24-hour fast. Subjects and Methods: Ninety medical students were asked if they wanted to participate. Sixteen were selected; none dropped out. A 24-hour fast was performed at a hospital ward. Blood samples and questionnaires were taken at eight specific times. Result: During the fast, the sensitive group reported significantly higher scores on 'irritation' and 'shakiness'. However, no hypoglycemia occurred and the lowest detected blood glucose concentration was 3.7 mmol/l. There were no differences between the groups in plasma glucose, cortisol, growth hormone (GH), insulin, b-hydroxybutyrate (b-OH) and lactate levels. The blood pressures and heart rates were also similar. Conclusions: Adults, despite subjective signs of hypoglycemia, can fast without any metabolic or endocrine derangement.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Effect of fasting on young adults who have symptoms of hypoglycemia in the absence of frequent meals

2007

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“…Previously, euglycemic infusion of insulin in humans has been shown not to affect appetite regulation, suggesting that insulin does not enhance satiety under these circumstances. 38 However, this does not exclude the possibility of an interactive effect on appetite regulation mediated by insulin in combination with post-meal increase in plasma glucose or the release of intestinal hormones. Nor can a hepatic effect induced by the high portal insulin concentration following meal ingestion be excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nor can a hepatic effect induced by the high portal insulin concentration following meal ingestion be excluded. 38 In addition, intracerebroventricular administration of insulin has been shown to reduce energy intake in baboons. 39 The present observation strengthens the hypothesis that insulin plays an important role in appetite regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of postprandial releases of insulin and incretin hormones in meal-induced satiety—effect of obesity and weight reduction

Verdich¹,

Toubro²,

Buemann³

et al. 2001

Int J Obes

379

257

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BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that the secretion of the intestinal satiety hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is attenuated in obese subjects. OBJECTIVE: To compare meal-induced response of GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in obese and lean male subjects, to investigate the effect of a major weight reduction in the obese subjects, and to look for an association between these hormones and ad libitum food intake. METHOD: Plasma concentrations of intestinal hormones and appetite sensations were measured prior to, and every 30 min for 180 min after, ingestion of a 2.5 MJ solid test meal. Gastric emptying was estimated scintigraphically. An ad libitum lunch was served 3 h after the test meal. SUBJECTS: Nineteen non-diabetic obese (body mass index (BMI) 34.1 ± 43.8 kgam 2 ) and 12 lean (BMI 20.4 ± 24.7 kgam 2 ) males. All obese subjects were re-examined after a mean stabilised weight loss of 18.8 kg (95% CI 14.4 ± 23.2). RESULTS: Total area under the GLP-1 response curve (AUC total, GLP-1 ) was lower in obese before and after the weight loss compared to lean subjects (P`0.05), although weight loss improved the response from 80 to 88% of that of the lean subjects (P 0.003). The GIP response was similar in obese and lean subjects. However, after the weight loss both AUC total, GIP and AUC incremental, GIP were lowered (P`0.05). An inverse correlation was observed between AUC incremental, GIP and energy intake at the subsequent ad libitum meal in all groups. In lean subjects ad libitum energy intake was largely predicted by the insulin response to the preceding meal (r 2 0.67, P 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study con®rmed previous ®ndings of a reduced postprandial GLP-1 response in severely obese subjects. Following weight reduction, GLP-1 response in the obese subjects apparently rose to a level between that of obese and lean subjects. The data suggests that postprandial insulin and GIP responses are key players in short-term appetite regulation.

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“…However, aging is also associated with changes in glucose metabolism due to increasing insulin resistance, and amylin may merely be acting as a marker of impaired glucose metabolism. Insulin is unlikely to play a role in the anorexia of aging in humans since insulin infusions within the physiologic range fail to alter food intake (Chapman et al 1998). …”

Section: Gastrointestinal Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of the anorexia of aging—a review

Wysokiński

Sobów

Kłoszewska

et al. 2015

AGE

188

148

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Many, even healthy, older people fail to adequately regulate food intake and experience loss of weight. Aging-associated changes in the regulation of appetite and the lack of hunger have been termed as the anorexia of aging. The etiology of the anorexia of aging is multi-factorial and includes a combination of physiological changes associated with aging (decline in smell and taste, reduced central and peripheral drive to eat, delayed gastric emptying), pathological conditions (depression, dementia, somatic diseases, medications and iatrogenic interventions, oral-health status), and social factors (poverty, loneliness). However, exact mechanisms of the anorexia of aging remain to be elucidated. Many neurobiological mechanisms may be secondary to age-related changes in body composition and not associated with anorexia per se. Therefore, further studies on pathophysiological mechanisms of the anorexia of aging should employ accurate measurement of body fat and lean mass. The anorexia of aging is associated with protein-energy malnutrition, sarcopenia, frailty, functional deterioration, morbidity, and mortality. Since this symptom can lead to dramatic consequences, early identification and effective interventions are needed. One of the most important goals in the geriatric care is to optimize nutritional status of the elderly.

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Effect of intravenous glucose and euglycemic insulin infusions on short-term appetite and food intake

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of fasting on young adults who have symptoms of hypoglycemia in the absence of frequent meals

Effect of fasting on young adults who have symptoms of hypoglycemia in the absence of frequent meals

The role of postprandial releases of insulin and incretin hormones in meal-induced satiety—effect of obesity and weight reduction

Mechanisms of the anorexia of aging—a review

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