Effect of Intrathecal Amikacin Administration and Repeated Centesis on Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath Synovial Fluid in Horses

Dykgraaf, Susanne; Dechant, Julie E.; Johns, Jennifer L.; Christopher, Mary M.; Bolt, David M.; Snyder, Jack R.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2007.00235.x

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The effect of repeated arthrocentesis on synovial fluid markers has been evaluated in previous studies with similar results . In our study, values of total protein, nucleated cell counts, and percentages of neutrophils in control carpi remained below the values considered for septic arthritis except for 1 total protein value obtained at 96 hours (4.2 g/dL).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Effect of Arthroscopic Lavage on Systemic and Synovial Fluid Serum Amyloid A in Healthy Horses

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Effect of Arthroscopic Lavage on Systemic and Synovial Fluid Serum Amyloid A in Healthy Horses

et al. 2016

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“…These findings are similar to those of Brama et al [72], where the activity of matrix metalloproteinases in equine SF was increased 12 h after the first arthrocentesis and normalized after 72 h. Our group and others has previously shown that TP, but not concentrations of SAA or cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein, are affected by previous arthrocentesis [30, 74, 75]. Synovial fluid WBC is increased 24–48 h after arthrocentesis [75, 76]. The IA response to arthrocenteses are thought to be caused by local inflammatory reactions in the synovial membrane [72], or by a minor haemorrhage with influx of cells and proteins that accumulates in SF [73, 77].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Changes in concentrations of haemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers in synovial fluid after intra-articular injection of lipopolysaccharide in horses

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSeptic arthritis is a common and potentially devastating disease characterized by severe intra-articular (IA) inflammation and fibrin deposition. Research into equine joint pathologies has focused on inflammation, but recent research in humans suggests that both haemostatic and inflammatory pathways are activated in the joint compartment in arthritic conditions. The aim of this study was to characterize the IA haemostatic and inflammatory responses in horses with experimental lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced joint inflammation. Inflammation was induced by IA injection of LPS into one antebrachiocarpal joint of six horses. Horses were evaluated clinically with subjective grading of lameness, and blood and synovial fluid (SF) samples were collected at post injection hours (PIH) -120, −96, −24, 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 144. Total protein (TP), white blood cell counts (WBC), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, iron, fibrinogen, thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) and d-dimer concentrations were assessed in blood and SF.ResultsIntra-articular injection of LPS caused local and systemic signs of inflammation including increased rectal temperature, lameness and increased joint circumference and skin temperature. Most of the biomarkers (TP, WBC, haptoglobin, fibrinogen and TAT) measured in SF increased quickly after LPS injection (at PIH 2–4), whereas SAA and d-dimer levels increased more slowly (at PIH 16 and 144, respectively). SF iron concentrations did not change statistically significantly. Blood WBC, SAA, haptoglobin and fibrinogen increased and iron decreased significantly in response to the IA LPS injection, while TAT and d-dimer concentrations did not change. Repeated pre-injection arthrocenteses caused significant changes in SF concentrations of TP, WBC and haptoglobin.ConclusionSimilar to inflammatory joint disease in humans, joint inflammation in horses was accompanied by an IA haemostatic response with changes in fibrinogen, TAT and d-dimer concentrations. Inflammatory and haemostatic responses were induced simultaneously and may likely interact. Further studies of interactions between the two responses are needed for a better understanding of pathogenesis of joint disease in horses. Knowledge of effects of repeated arthrocenteses on levels of SF biomarkers may be of value when markers are used for diagnostic purposes.

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“…Diagnosis and monitoring of successful treatment in patients with injuries penetrating synovial structures commonly relies on repeated synoviocentesis of the affected structure and subsequent synovial fluid analysis [19] as well as clinical signs such as lameness, heat and swelling. Synovial fluid analysis can be inconclusive under certain circumstances especially after repeated synoviocenteses [17, 20, 21] or drug application [20, 21]. Moreover, repeated synoviocentesis and subsequent collection of synovial samples can be difficult, especially under field conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Course of serum amyloid A (SAA) plasma concentrations in horses undergoing surgery for injuries penetrating synovial structures, an observational clinical study

2017

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BackgroundInjuries penetrating synovial structures are common in equine practice and often result in septic synovitis. Significantly increased plasma levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) have been found in various infectious conditions in horses including wounds and septic arthritis. Plasma SAA levels were found to decrease rapidly once the infectious stimulus was eliminated. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the usefulness of serial measurements of plasma SAA as a monitoring tool for the response to treatment of horses presented with injuries penetrating synovial structures. In the current study plasma SAA concentrations were measured every 48 hours (h) during the course of treatment.ResultsA total of 19 horses with a wound penetrating a synovial structure were included in the current study. Horses in Group 1 (n = 12) (injuries older than 24 h) only needed one surgical intervention. Patients in this group had significantly lower median plasma SAA levels (P = 0.001) between 48 h (median 776 mg/L) and 96 h (median 202 mg/L) after surgery. A significant decrease (P = 0.004) in plasma SAA levels was also observed between 96 h after surgery (median 270 mg/L) and 6 days (d) after surgery (median 3 mg/L). Four horses (Group 2) required more than one surgical intervention. In contrast to Group 1 patients in Group 2 had either very high initial plasma concentrations (3378 mg/L), an increase or persistently high concentrations of plasma SAA after the first surgery (median 2525 mg/L). A small group of patients (n = 3) (Group 3) were admitted less than 24 h after sustaining a wound. In this group low SAA values at admission (median 23 mg/L) and peak concentrations at 48 h after surgery (median 1016 mg/L) were observed followed by a decrease in plasma SAA concentration over time.ConclusionsA decrease in plasma SAA concentrations between two consecutive time points could be associated with positive response to treatment in the current study. Therefore, serial measurements of plasma SAA could potentially be used as an additional inexpensive, quick and easy tool for monitoring the treatment response in otherwise healthy horses presented with injuries penetrating synovial structures. However further studies will be necessary to ascertain its clinical utility.

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Effect of Intrathecal Amikacin Administration and Repeated Centesis on Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath Synovial Fluid in Horses

Abstract: The effect of tenovaginocentesis and intrathecal administration of amikacin or LRS on DFTS synovial fluid values are modest in most horses; however, some horses can develop marked increases in synovial fluid values that may be interpreted as sepsis.

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of Arthroscopic Lavage on Systemic and Synovial Fluid Serum Amyloid A in Healthy Horses

Effect of Arthroscopic Lavage on Systemic and Synovial Fluid Serum Amyloid A in Healthy Horses

Changes in concentrations of haemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers in synovial fluid after intra-articular injection of lipopolysaccharide in horses

Course of serum amyloid A (SAA) plasma concentrations in horses undergoing surgery for injuries penetrating synovial structures, an observational clinical study

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