Effect of intestinal production of equol on menopausal symptoms in women treated with soy isoflavones

Jou, Hei-Jen; Wu, Shiao Chi; Chang, Fang; Ling, Pei-Ying; Chu, Kung Shen; Wu, Wen Huey

doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.01.028

Cited by 69 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Legume, particularly soybean, is the most common source of isoflavones in human food. Moreover, it was well known that isoflavone-rich diets are associated with antitumor effect (Coward et al 1993), improving effect in cognitive function (Zhao and Brinton 2007), effect on menopausal symptoms (Jou et al 2008), and bone-sparing effects (Ishimi 2009). In soybeans, isoflavones are present as aglycones and glycosides: soy isoflavone glycosides are 3 glycosides (daidzin, genistin, glycitin), 3 malonylated glycosides (6"-O-Malonyl daidzin, 6"-0-Malonyl genistin, 6"-O-Malonyl glycitin), and 3 acetylated glycosides (6"-O-Acetyl daidzin, 6"-O-Acetyl genistin, 6"-0-Acetyl glycitin) while its aglycones are called daidzein, genistein, and glycitein, respectively (Kudou et al 1991;Zhu et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Useful Germplasm Based on the Variation Analysis of Growth and Seed Quality of Soybean Germplasms Grown at Two Different Latitudes

Park¹,

Seo²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

Plant Breed. Biotech.

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We conducted this study to select useful germplasms for investigating the agricultural performances and content variations of proximate composition, fatty acid, and isoflavone of the soybean germplasms grown at two different latitudes, Suwon (37 o 16'N) and Yeoncheon (38 o 12'N), Republic of Korea. The days to flowering of the soybeans grown at Suwon was early by 1 day compared with that at Yeoncheon whereas the days to maturing of the soybeans were not different by latitudes. The Yeoncheon-cultivated soybeans were greater in growth and yield than the Suwon. The crude oil in range of 17.0% to 20.0% had a positive correlation with the yield. There was a strong negative correlation between oleic acid and saturated fatty (palmitic and stearic) acid contents in the seeds producted at Suwon but the Yeoncheon were not significant. The linoleic acid in seeds of the germplasms was contained by 7.3-fold more than the linolenic acid. The malonylgenistin content was the highest among the detected isoflavones and Deapung had the highest total isoflavone content. The content of total isoflavones in the Yeoncheon-producted seeds was high more than that in the Suwon whereas those of Hei nong 44(hou), Tachikogane, and B152 grown at Suwon were significantly lower rather than those at Yeoncheon. However, the difference of latitude seemed to play an important role in the content variations of growth, yield, and fatty acids and isoflavones in the germplasms. Eventually, Tie dou 44 and WIR3722, which were stably outstanding in all the investigated aspects regardless of the growing locations, were selected as useful germplasms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Useful Germplasm Based on the Variation Analysis of Growth and Seed Quality of Soybean Germplasms Grown at Two Different Latitudes

Park¹,

Seo²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

Plant Breed. Biotech.

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“…(±)equol is the form that has been commercially available and mostly utilized in studies of its biological properties [9] although S-(-)equol is a natural diastereoisomer, exclusively produced by intestinal bacteria [7] and it preferentially activates estrogen receptor type β [10,11]. Equol may also have beneficial effects on bone health [12][13][14] and has been used for preventing and treating diseases such as cardiovascular disease [15], breast cancer [16] and climacteric symptoms [17]. Among these varied biological activities, there has been increasing recent attention on the antioxidative capacity of equol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equol Inhibits LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Enhances the Immune Response in Chicken HD11 Macrophages

Gou

Jiang

Zheng

et al. 2015

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: There has been increasing recent attention on the antioxidative capacity of equol. This study tested the effect of equol on oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and regulation of immunity in chicken macrophages. Methods: Chicken HD11 macrophages were challenged with LPS (100 ng/mL) alone or with LPS (100 ng/mL) and (±)equol (10, 20, 40, 80, 160 μmol/L) together for 24h. Evaluated responses included the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), transcript abundance of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione transferase (GST), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and contents of the cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon beta (IFNβ). Results: Exposure to LPS induced oxidative stress as contents of MDA increased and GSH decreased in LPS-treated cells (P < 0.05) compared to those in control cells. Compared to LPS alone, co-treatment with equol (20 μmol/L, 40 μmol/L or 80 μmol/L) reduced contents of MDA and increased those of GSH (both P < 0.05). Activity of T-SOD increased (P < 0.05) in cells treated with the higher contentration of equol (80 μmol/L or 160 μmol/L), however, all concentrations (20 μmol/L to 160 μmol/L) increased activity of iNOS (P < 0.05). The highest concentration of equol (160 μmol/L) increased SOD2 and GST transcripts (P < 0.05). Equol treatment increased transcripts of TLR4, TNFα and IL-1β (P < 0.05). And there were similar changes in contents of IL-1β, IL-2, IFNβ and TNFα in the cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions: It concluded that equol can protect chicken HD11 macrophages from oxidative stress induced by LPS through reducing lipid peroxidation products and enhancing contents of antioxidants, and activities of relevant antioxidase enzymes; effects were also seen in gene expression related to the immune response and increased contents of cytokines. The optimal concentration of equol on antioxidation and immune enhancement in chicken macrophages was 40 μmol/L.

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“…The results revealed that isoflavones had no beneficial effects in women who did not produce equol. Kupperman score for HF and excessive sweating showed a significantly greater reduction after isoflavone intake compared to placebo in women producing equol [73]. The results of this pilot study should encourage investigators to establish whether efficacy is influenced by equol production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…However, two studies are currently awaiting assessment: (i) Xue et al 2004 [34], which was not available and (ii) Jou et al 2008 [73], which was published after the performance of systematic literature search.…”

Section: Limitations Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of isoflavones in relieving vasomotor menopausal symptoms – A systematic review

Jacobs¹,

Wegewitz

Sommerfeld

et al. 2009

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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This review assessed the efficacy of isoflavone supplements to reduce vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women by reviewing all published randomized controlled trials. Systematic literature searches were carried out in 70 databases. Randomized and placebo controlled studies were included if they investigated the treatment of isoflavone supplements derived from soy or red clover on vasomotor symptoms in peri- or postmenopausal women for at least 12 wks. Data were analyzed concerning outcome and methodological quality of the study. Twenty-three trials met the inclusion criteria, thereof 17 investigated soy isoflavones and 6 red clover isoflavones. Without exception, selected trials examining the effect of red clover isoflavones were already assessed in several meta-analyses and were therefore excluded from this evaluation. As the soy isoflavone studies were very heterogeneous concerning interventions and outcome measures, meta-analysis could not be performed and trials were systematically assessed in a structured approach. Included soy isoflavone studies had numerous quality deficiencies and did not consistently show a reduction of flushes after treatment with soy isoflavones. Therefore, there is no conclusive evidence, but only some indication of a benefit of soy isoflavones on hot flush frequency or severity.

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Effect of intestinal production of equol on menopausal symptoms in women treated with soy isoflavones

Abstract: Isoflavone supplementation improves menopausal symptoms only in women with the ability to produce equol.

Cited by 69 publications

References 22 publications

Selection of Useful Germplasm Based on the Variation Analysis of Growth and Seed Quality of Soybean Germplasms Grown at Two Different Latitudes

Selection of Useful Germplasm Based on the Variation Analysis of Growth and Seed Quality of Soybean Germplasms Grown at Two Different Latitudes

Equol Inhibits LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Enhances the Immune Response in Chicken HD11 Macrophages

Efficacy of isoflavones in relieving vasomotor menopausal symptoms – A systematic review

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