Effect of intestinal microflora on the urinary metabolic profile of rats: a 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Williams, Ruth; W, Eyton-Jones H; Farnworth, Mark J.; Gallagher, Richard T.; Provan, W.M.

doi:10.1080/00498250210143047

Cited by 98 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Hippurate is normally found in human urine and its concentration is related to the microbial activity (49) and micro floral composition of the colon (50). The high variability in urinary hippurate concentrations in the present study is in agreement with the international literature (51,37) and may be attributable to variable intake of benzoic acid.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Gender‐related and age‐related urinalysis of healthy subjects by NMR‐based metabonomics

Psihogios¹,

Gazi²,

Elisaf³

et al. 2007

NMR in Biomedicine

137

139

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NMR-based metabonomic analysis is a well-established approach to characterizing healthy and diseased states. The aim of this study was to investigate inter-individual variability in the metabolic urinary profile of a healthy Greek population, not subjected to strict dietary limitations, by NMR-based metabonomics. The overall metabonomic urinalysis showed a homogeneous distribution among the population. The metabolic profile was examined in relation to gender and age, and reference intervals of major metabolites were determined. Multivariate data analysis led to the construction of two robust models that were able to predict the class membership of the subjects studied according to their gender and age. The most influential low molecular weight metabolites responsible for the differences in gender groups were citrate, creatinine, trimethylamine N-oxide, glycine, creatine and taurine, and for the differences in age groups they were citrate, creatinine, trimethylamine N-oxide and an unidentified metabolite (d 3.78).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Gender‐related and age‐related urinalysis of healthy subjects by NMR‐based metabonomics

Psihogios¹,

Gazi²,

Elisaf³

et al. 2007

NMR in Biomedicine

137

139

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“…Factors that have been shown to effect a metabolic fingerprint include strain, gender and diurnal variation, 63,64) age, 64) and intestinal microflora. 65) Some researchers have demonstrated that metabolic variation can also be due to animal cages, 66) or types of drug carrier vehicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics: Methodologies and applications in the environmental sciences

Lin¹,

Viant

Tjeerdema³

2006

J. Pestic. Sci.

176

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Environmental metabolomics is an emerging approach for examining metabolic fingerprints, or profiles, in biological systems exposed to environmental stress. In conjunction with other "omics" techniques, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, it has been used to study the biochemical impacts of xenobiotics and disease. The approach analyzes changes in the concentrations of metabolites, which are the precursors and products of enzymatic activity, and then attempts to associate these changes with biological function and/or regulation. Environmental scientists have recently applied such techniques to suggest biomarkers for the risk assessment of chemicals and for diagnosing diseases in wild animals. Furthermore, this approach can in principle allow scientists to better understand the underlying mechanisms of action of toxic compounds in the environment. In this review the methodologies used in metabolomics are briefly discussed along with several examples from the environmental sciences, including biomarker development and risk assessment of toxicant exposure, metabolic responses to environmental stressors, and disease diagnosis and monitoring.

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“…Several publications have shown that multiple factors may affect metabolic characterization, including sex, strain, diurnal variations (Plumb et al, 2003;Hines et al, 2007), age (Plumb et al, 2005), intestinal microflora (Williams et al, 2002), and animal caging and handling (Robertson et al, 2002). Therefore, we made every attempt to avoid variations in the experimental procedures.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Analysis of the Effects of Motorcycle Exhaust on Rat Testes and Liver

Lin

Liang

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Motorcycles are one of the primary means of transportation in many Asian metropolitan areas. Exposure to motorcycle exhaust (ME) has been shown to cause male reproductive toxicity in a rat inhalation model. In the present study, the molecular mechanisms underlying ME-induced male reproductive toxicity were examined in a rat model using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. Rats were treated with 1:10-diluted ME for 1 hour in the morning and 1 hour in the afternoon, daily, via head-nose-only exposure chambers, for a period of four weeks. Half of the ME-exposed rats were co-treated with vitamin E to examine its protective effects. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic metabolites from the testes and liver were extracted for 1 H and J-resolved NMR analyses. The obtained NMR spectra were converted into series of spectral binned areas and subjected to orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analyses. Decreased spermatid counts and elevated levels of betaine in the testes of rats in the ME-treated group were partially attenuated by vitamin E co-treatment. Although it was not statistically significant, we observed a consistent trend of partial reversal of the elevated levels of alanine, glycine, leucine, tyrosine, and valine in the testes of rats in the ME-treated group due to vitamin E co-treatment. Decreases in testicular ethanolamine and inositol were only significant in the group co-treated with ME and vitamin E. The testicular toxicity of ME may be due to alterations in lipid-and energy-related metabolism. We conclude that ME generates greater metabolic responses in the testes than in the liver. Treatment with vitamin E can partially reverse the molecular events in the testes.

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Effect of intestinal microflora on the urinary metabolic profile of rats: a 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Cited by 98 publications

References 16 publications

Gender‐related and age‐related urinalysis of healthy subjects by NMR‐based metabonomics

Gender‐related and age‐related urinalysis of healthy subjects by NMR‐based metabonomics

Metabolomics: Methodologies and applications in the environmental sciences

Metabolomic Analysis of the Effects of Motorcycle Exhaust on Rat Testes and Liver

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