Effect of Interseeding Legumes into Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pastures on Forage Production and Steer Performance

Lomas, L. W.; Moyer, Joseph L.; Kilgore, Gary L.

doi:10.2134/jpa1999.0479

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Red clover went from 5% of the total biomass in 2009 to 3% in 2010 and then 2% in 2011. Lomas et al (1999) also found that when red clover was drilled into tall fescue pastures, it started at 5% of pasture composition and, by year three, was 2% of composition. Finding significant white clover biomass in 2011, 3 yr after planting, was somewhat surprising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Sowing Method Effects on Clover Establishment into Permanent Pasture

Schlueter

Tracy

2012

Agronomy Journal

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E stablishing clover (Trifolium spp.) into permanent pasture can be challenging, because many factors like competition from existing the sward, subsequent grazing management, or weather fl uctuations can aff ect this process. Two common overseeding methods for clover include surface sowing without disturbance (broadcasting) or drilling of seed through undisturbed sod and residue (Pearson and Ison, 1997). Frost-seeding is a form of overseeding when seed is broadcasted mid-winter on top of snow and frozen ground or in early spring aft er snowmelt (Casler et al., 1999). Once sown, the freezing and thawing of the ground helps to incorporate seed into the soil. Th is allows for better seed-to-soil contact and reduces the equipment required for planting (Kankanen et al., 2001). Both no-till drilling and broadcasting have strengths and weaknesses. Th e advantage of no-till drilling is more control over seeding depth to ensure good seed-to-soil contact (Campbell, 1985a). A disadvantage of no-till drilling is that use can be limited by steep topography. Broadcasting requires less machinery and is virtually unrestrained by topography. However, no-till drilling is considered superior to broadcasting, because more control helps ensure a proper seeding depth (Taylor et al., 1972).Several experiments that have compared broadcasting with no-till drilling found varying results. Taylor et al. (1969) discovered that drilling clover seed was important for successful establishment of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Th ey found that extreme moisture and temperature fl uctuations on the surface of the soil caused low establishment of broadcasted seed. Cuomo et al. (2001) found no diff erence between drilling and broadcasting in establishment across several forage legumes. Th ey learned that the main factor that determined legume establishment was the suppression of grass species. Byers and Templeton (1988) discovered that drilling produced more alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) biomass over broadcasting, and Mueller and Chamblee (1984) found that broadcasting was more eff ective when sowing was done in late winter than in spring. In their experiment, white clover broadcasted in mid-February had greater establishment than when broadcasted in mid-March. When averaged between the two sowing dates, however, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) establishment was greater in the drilled treatments.Although sowing method should have a major impact on clover establishment, relatively few studies have compared broadcasting (frost-seeding) to no-till drilling. More information is needed about clover overseeding methods to provide guidelines to help improve establishment success. To add to this body of research, a pasture experiment was conducted from 2009 to 2011 near Blacksburg, VA. Th e primary objective of this study was to compare the eff ectiveness of broadcasting (frost-seeding) and no-till drilling for establishment of white and red clover. A secondary objective was to identify potential management variables that may help explain the succe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Sowing Method Effects on Clover Establishment into Permanent Pasture

Schlueter

Tracy

2012

Agronomy Journal

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“…Allen et al [10] reported that body weight gains of calves grazing stockpiled pastures of alfalfa-tall fescue were greater than those grazing red clover-tall fescue or N-fertilized tall fescue. Ladino clover in endophyte-infected tall fescue also resulted in better average animal gains than red clover or Korean lespedeza [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Approaches to improving legume establishment in tall fescue are numerous and include no-till drilling of legumes into tall fescue pasture [11]; controlling grass competition with herbicides [12], mowing, or grazing [13]; limiting N fertilization [14]; and planting pastures with different row orientations [15]. Although considerable research has been conducted on legume establishment, little progress has been made to address many of the problems, such as disease, insect damage, heat and/or water stress, and poor seedling vigor [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing Legumes in a Tall Fescue Sward

Min¹,

Moyer²

2015

AJPS

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Tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] is a common grass species in the eastern half of the USA, but legumes grown with it could provide benefits. Obstacles to legume establishment in fescue pastures include disease, insect damage, and grass competition. Experiments were performed in 2010 and 2011 at Site 1 to test the efficacy of insect control, disease control, and two methods of grass suppression on seedling establishment of three legumes. The highest seedling density of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) was obtained with glyphosate treatment regardless of pest control and for clipping without pest control. No overall or consistent benefit was found for white clover (Trifolium pretense L.) or trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) from seed and foliar insecticides or fungicides, or for grass suppression by either clipping or glyphosate application. Experiments were performed in 2012 and 2013 at Site 2 to test the efficacy of grass suppression by grazing cattle or by clethodim application. Seedling density of red clover was not significantly improved by either treatment, but the density of birdsfoot trefoil was increased by clethodim, and the density of white clover was increased in 2013 by both methods of grass suppression. Overall, red clover was least sensitive to grass competition. Birdsfoot trefoil was better served by the immediate effect of chemical suppression, whereas white clover benefitted most from the lengthier grass suppression provided by grazing.

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“…It is a major component in many cool-season pastures in southeast Kansas, and it set seed each autumn to potentially re-establish itself the next year in western Kansas. However, the frequency of lespedeza declined each successive year and did not contribute to overall yield or quality, whereas in southeast Kansas, Korean lespedeza is able to contribute significantly to forage production (Posler & Fransen, 1982;Lomas et al, 1999) and steer performance (Lomas et al, 1999) on grass-legume stands in successive years. As long as the grazing management allows it to rest in late summer, or if the plants are allowed to flower and set seed without heavy defoliation, Korean lespedeza should be able to produce seed annually to maintain stands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interseeding legumes into established semiarid smooth bromegrass pasture

Harmoney

Adams²,

Rice

2022

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Seeding legumes into established cool‐season grass pasture helps to lower the long‐term costs of production and may improve total forage yield and quality, but seeding these legumes in the semiarid Central Great Plains region is often ignored. Eight legumes commonly seeded in the Midwest and eastern USA were no‐till seeded in late winter into upland and lowland west‐central Kansas smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pastures. Purple‐flowered alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ssp. sativa) and yellow‐flowered alfalfa [Medicago sativa L. ssp. falcata (L.) Arcang.] established well at the lowland and upland sites and helped improve forage yield compared with nitrogen‐fertilized smooth bromegrass. Korean lespedeza [Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino] and yellow sweetclover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.] established well on both landscape sites, but these legumes declined significantly over time and did not increase forage yield compared with smooth bromegrass alone. Legume establishment was greater in unfertilized smooth bromegrass at each landscape, indicating that early competition from the grass limited legume establishment. Purple‐flowered and yellow‐flowered alfalfa increased the crude protein concentration compared with smooth bromegrass alone on the lowland site, and increased crude protein and total digestible nutrient concentration on the upland site. Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.), and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) failed to establish with competition from smooth bromegrass at the upland and lowland sites. Purple‐flowered and yellow‐flowered alfalfa may establish and persist when seeded into existing smooth bromegrass pastures in the drier regions of central Kansas while increasing forage yield and nutritive value.

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Effect of Interseeding Legumes into Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pastures on Forage Production and Steer Performance

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Sowing Method Effects on Clover Establishment into Permanent Pasture

Sowing Method Effects on Clover Establishment into Permanent Pasture

Establishing Legumes in a Tall Fescue Sward

Interseeding legumes into established semiarid smooth bromegrass pasture

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