Effect of interfacial modifiers and wood flour treatment on the rheological properties of recycled polyethylene/wood flour composites

Hong, Hao; Guo, Quannan; Zhang, Haiyan; He, Hui

doi:10.1177/1477760619895014

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…All papers agree about the non-Newtonian nature of these fluids, with a shear thinning behavior that is present in all systems [ 13 , 43 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]: viscosity depends on the shear rate and decreases with it. This is typical of high molecular weight fluids, where it is due to the secondary bonds (entanglements) among macromolecules being continuously broken and reformed during the flow.…”

Section: Wood Polymer Composites Characterization With Pressure-drmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Another parameter that needs to be taken into account is the effect of the testing temperature. Although the reinforcement is solid, the viscosity of molten WPCs reduces significantly at higher temperatures because the movement of the polymeric chains are enhanced [ 55 ]. On the other hand, this behavior is predictably less evident as the percentage of wood increases [ 50 ].…”

Section: Wood Polymer Composites Characterization With Pressure-drmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, this behavior is predictably less evident as the percentage of wood increases [ 50 ]. The equation that is often used to model the relationship between viscosity and temperature is the Arrhenius equation:

where

is the zero shear viscosity,

is a material constant,

is the gas coefficient,

is the activation energy, and

is the absolute temperature [ 55 ].…”

Section: Wood Polymer Composites Characterization With Pressure-drmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors [ 43 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 55 ] modeled the shear viscosity of WPCs with a suitable shear thinning constitutive law. The model that is most widely used is the Ostwald-DeWaele power law [ 75 ]:

where

is the consistency index, and

is the power law exponent.…”

Section: Wood Polymer Composites Characterization With Pressure-drmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model that is most widely used is the Ostwald-DeWaele power law [ 75 ]:

where

is the consistency index, and

is the power law exponent. Consistency can have a very wide range (e.g., 10–1000 kPa s), depending on composition and testing temperature [ 43 , 52 , 55 ], while the power law exponent is relatively low (e.g., 0.3–0.45) and decreases with the wood content [ 43 , 49 , 52 , 53 , 56 ] and with the dimension of the wood particles [ 50 ]. Since a lower power law exponent is linked with a higher shear thinning behavior, higher wood flour fillings correspond to more shear thinning materials.…”

Section: Wood Polymer Composites Characterization With Pressure-drmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Wood Polymer Composites Rheology and Its Implications for Processing

Mazzanti

Mollica

2020

Polymers

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Despite the fact that wood polymer composites are interesting materials for many different reasons, they are quite difficult to shape through standard polymer processing techniques, such as extrusion or injection molding. Rheological characterization can be very helpful for understanding the role played by the many variables that are involved in manufacturing and to achieve a good quality final product through an optimized mix of formulation and processing parameters. The main methods that have been used for the rheological characterization of these materials are capillary and parallel plate rheometry. Both are very useful: rotational rheometry is particularly convenient to investigate the compounding phase and obtain structural information on the material, while capillary viscometry is well suited to understand final manufacturing. The results available in the literature at the moment are indeed very interesting and are mostly aimed at investigating the influence of the material formulation, the additives in particular, on the structural, mechanical, and morphological properties of the composite: despite a good number of papers, though, it is difficult to draw general conclusions, as many issues are still debated. The purpose of this article was to overview the state of the art and to highlight the issues that deserve further investigation.

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Section: Wood Polymer Composites Characterization With Pressure-drmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Wood Polymer Composites Characterization With Pressure-drmentioning

confidence: 99%

where

is the zero shear viscosity,

is a material constant,

is the gas coefficient,

is the activation energy, and

is the absolute temperature [ 55 ].…”

Section: Wood Polymer Composites Characterization With Pressure-drmentioning

confidence: 99%

where

is the consistency index, and

is the power law exponent.…”

Section: Wood Polymer Composites Characterization With Pressure-drmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model that is most widely used is the Ostwald-DeWaele power law [ 75 ]:

where

is the consistency index, and

Section: Wood Polymer Composites Characterization With Pressure-drmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Review of Wood Polymer Composites Rheology and Its Implications for Processing

Mazzanti

Mollica

2020

Polymers

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Wood flour‐high density polyethylene composites: Influence of silanization and esterification on mechanical properties

Bijaisoradat

Liang

Manas‐Zloczower

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Silanization and esterification are strategies used to treat wood flour (WF) to produce surface functionalized hydrophobic WF leading to an improvement in dispersion and compatibility between wood phase and polymer phase. Silanization involves functionalization of alkyl groups by coupling trimethoxy (propyl) silane (MPS), and esterification functionalizes WF with ester groups, using acetic anhydride (Ac). Modified WF was incorporated into recycled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) to form reHDPE/mod‐WF composite system. Both modifications produced highly hydrophobic WF surfaces which improved the dispersion in the reHDPE matrix; resulting in a significant difference in impact strength, specifically at 20 wt% filler, from 74.5 Jm−1 to 146.3 Jm−1 and 113.5 Jm−1, that is, up to 96% and 52% for MPS‐WF and Ac‐WF, respectively. However, filler agglomeration higher than 20 wt% reduces the composite impact strength. The results herein demonstrate that alkyl‐functionalized WF show excellent dispersion in the reHDPE system and is the preferred technique to improve system mechanical resilience as compared to esterification.

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The effects of surface modified date‐palm fiber fillers upon the thermo‐physical performances of high density polyethylene‐polyvinyl chloride blend with maleic anhydride as a grafting agent

Maou

Meftah

Grohens

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To demonstrate the upcycling of thermoplastic waste with good thermo‐physical properties, high density polyethylene (HDPE; 80 phr) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC; 20 phr) are mixed as the matrix using maleic anhydride (MAH) reinforced with unmodified and modified date palm fibers (DPFs; 30 phr). The effects of in situ grafting of MAH onto the DPFs‐HDPE‐PVC composites upon the resultant thermo‐physical characteristics are investigated and analyzed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Thus, the effective compatibilizing of both the HDPE‐PVC component and the grafted HDPE‐PVC blend with the modified DPFs are confirmed. In addition, the results of dynamical mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composite is enhanced by the incorporation of modified DPFs. The thermal, mechanical, and water uptake properties of the composites are also improved. Rheological analysis at low frequency reveals that the introduction of hydrolyzed DPFs results in a higher complex viscosity (1.94 × 106 Pa s) and storage modulus (119,844 MPa) for the obtained composite (designated G‐Hydro). Overall, the G‐Hydro composite exhibits the best performance, making it ideal for a variety of construction and building purposes.

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Effect of interfacial modifiers and wood flour treatment on the rheological properties of recycled polyethylene/wood flour composites

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

A Review of Wood Polymer Composites Rheology and Its Implications for Processing

A Review of Wood Polymer Composites Rheology and Its Implications for Processing

Wood flour‐high density polyethylene composites: Influence of silanization and esterification on mechanical properties

The effects of surface modified date‐palm fiber fillers upon the thermo‐physical performances of high density polyethylene‐polyvinyl chloride blend with maleic anhydride as a grafting agent

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