Effect of inorganic salt and organic acid on the thermal runaway of hydrogen peroxide

Safe Piranhas: A Review of Methods and Protocols

“…As has been mentioned, the mixing of acid Piranha produces intense heat; this is not the case with base Piranha. , Further, contamination with metal ions can cause even 30% hydrogen peroxidethe usual concentration to make Piranhato heat up to 189 °C . The high temperatures can melt even chemically inert material (the Beckman Institute’s protocol states that it can melt even Teflon) and scorch the hands of anyone carrying a container.…”

“…Piranha presents risks for both, through several pathways. First, deflagration may result from the rapid release of oxygen, from the breakdown of either Caro’s acid or hydrogen peroxide, ,, in response to the presence of organic material, as will occur during use . Metal ions will also drive the release of gas, from both hydrogen peroxide and Caro’s acid, , and can trigger thermal runaway in hydrogen peroxide, a chain reaction leading to explosion . Released gas can overpressurize containers, leading to explosion, as occurred in the recent case involving Piranha catalyzed synthesis and the explosion of a Piranha waste bottle at the University of Kentucky .…”

“…Given that the presence of metal ions can drive the release of gas, high-purity sulfuric acid should be used. ,,, …”

On-demand, in situ, generation of ammonium caroate (peroxymonosulfate) for the dihydroxylation of alkenes to vicinal diols

“…However, these are inherently reactive materials which can be hazardous to transport, store and use, and have been responsible for laboratory accidents in recent years. [5][6][7] In an analysis of accidents that occurred in the Chinese Chemical Industry between 2006-2017, it was reported that 340 (>8%) 'casualty accidents' were associated with oxidants and organic peracids. 8 Explosions of organic peroxides at the Arkema plant in Texas during the tropical storm 'Harvey' in 2017 9 and the devastation caused by the explosion of ammonium nitrate in Beirut in 2020 10,11 have also highlighted, in a very public way, the dangers of stockpiling large volumes of oxidants.…”

Thermal hazard and reaction mechanism of the preparation of adipic acid through the oxidation with hydrogen peroxide

“…Its reactive characteristics with the OO bond cause T onset to occur earlier than other stable reactant species, which is the main reason in causing serious accidents under the operating process. Wu et al studied the effect of inorganic salt and organic acid on the thermal runway behavior of H 2 O 2 : the catalytic effect was Fe 2+ > Fe 3+ > Cu 2+ and the thermal runway risk was H 2 O 2 /HCOOH > H 2 O 2 > H 2 O 2 /CH 3 COOH 12 . Casson et al found that 35 wt% H 2 O 2 decomposed in a thermally controlled way at 90 and 95°C, instead uncontrollable at 100 and 110°C 13 .…”