Effect of inorganic N and organic fertilizers on nitrogen-fixing (acetylene-reducing) activity associated with wetland rice plants

Ladha, J. K.; Tirol‐Padre, Agnes; Punzalan, Gloria C.; García, M. Moreno; Watanabe, Iwao

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0889-5_31

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The biological N 2 fixation component was not determined in this study. However, FYM is known to stimulate biological N 2 fixation in soil (Ladha et al 1989). This might also have been responsible for higher TSN in the FYM combined treatments over NPK; apart from higher biomass production in FYM amended treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Long term effects of fertilization on carbon and nitrogen sequestration and aggregate associated carbon and nitrogen in the Indian sub-Himalayas

Bhattacharyya

Prakash

Kundu

et al. 2009

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

153

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An understanding of the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) as affected by farming practices is imperative for maintaining soil productivity and also for restraining global warming by CO 2 evolution. Results of a long-term (30 year) experiment in the Indian Himalayas under rainfed soybean (Glycine max L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation was analyzed to determine the influence of mineral fertilizer and farmyard manure (FYM) application at 10 Mg ha -1 on SOC and total soil nitrogen (TSN) stocks and distribution within different aggregate size fractions. Fertilizers (NP, NK and NPK) and FYM in combination with N or NPK were applied before the soybean crop every year and no nutrient was applied before the wheat crop. Results showed that addition of FYM with N or NPK fertilizers increased SOC and TSN contents. The overall gain in SOC in the 0-to 45-cm soil depth interval in the plots under NPK ? FYM treatment over NPK was 17.18 Mg C ha -1 in 30 year. The rate of conversion of input C to SOC was about 19% of each additional Mg C input per hectare. SOC content in large size aggregates was greater than in smaller size aggregates, and declined with decreased aggregate size. Thus, long-term soybean-wheat rotation in a sandy loam soil of the Indian Himalayas sequestered carbon and nitrogen. Soil organic C and TSN sequestration in the 0.25-to 0.1-mm size fraction is an ideal indicator of long-term C and N sequestration, since this fraction retained maximum SOC/TSN stock.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Long term effects of fertilization on carbon and nitrogen sequestration and aggregate associated carbon and nitrogen in the Indian sub-Himalayas

Bhattacharyya

Prakash

Kundu

et al. 2009

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

153

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“…Crop rotations increased the availability of nutrients other than N through increased soil microbial activity (Kucey et al, 1988;Ladha et al, 1989;Wani et al, 1991 a, b). A two fold increased microbial biomass C, in the AER soil than in the CG soil was observed.…”

Section: Non-n Rotational Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable agriculture in the semi-arid tropics through biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes

1995

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Introduction Contribution of BNF to N balance Beneficial effects of legumes Nitrogen effect Non-N rotational effects Ways to improve BNF in the SAT Host-related aspects Host-variability for nodulation and nitrogen fixation Breeding for increased BNF and nitrate tolerance Management practices Nitrogen Intercropping Tillage Land form Deep sowing Other nutrients Insects Use of inoculants Need for inoculation Competitive and effective strains Factors affecting performance of inoculant strains Yield responses to inoculation. Conclusion and future areas of research Acknowledgements References 30 AbstractSustainable agriculture relies greatly on renewable resources like biologically fixed nitrogen. Biological nitrogen fixation plays an important role in maintaining soil fertility. However, as BNF is dependent upon physical, environmental, nutritional and biological factors, mere inclusion of any NE-fixing plant system does not guarantee increased contributions to the soil N pool. In the SAT where plant stover is also removed to feed animals, most legumes might be expected to deplete soil N. Yet beneficial legume effects in terms of increased yields in succeeding cereal crops have been reported. Such benefits are partly due to N contribution from legumes through BNF and soil N saving effect. In addition, other non-N rotational benefits, for example, improved nutrient availability, improved soil structure, reduced pests and diseases, hormonal effects are also responsible. In this paper we have reviewed the research on the contribution of grain legumes in cropping systems and the factors affecting BNF. Based on the information available, we have suggested ways for exploiting BNF for developing sustainable agriculture in the semi-arid tropics (SAT). A holistic approach involving host-plant, bacteria, environment and proper management practices including need based inoculation for enhancing BNF in the cropping systems in the SAT is suggested. CropNitrogen fixed (kg ha -

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“…Other nutritional effects include the mobilization of P, Si, Zn, Cu, Mn, and other nutrient elements as a result of increased microbial activity (CO2 formation), a decrease in Redox potential, and the microbial reduction of pedogenus iron (Fe 3+) oxides and hydroxides (Becker, 1990). Incorporation of an easily decomposable biomass with relatively high N content can lead to an increased mineralization of the organic soil fraction (priming effect) in rice soils (Broadbent, 1979) and possibly enhance het-187 erotrophic N2 fixation (Ladha et al, 1989). The addition of organic material significantly increases microbial biomass in the soil and conserves N, P, K, and micronutrients in a "biological pool" with a high turnover (Ottow, 1978).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green manure technology: Potential, usage, and limitations. A case study for lowland rice

Becker¹,

Ladha

Ali

1995

Plant Soil

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IntroductionPotential benefits from green manure Factors limiting adoption of green manures Agronomic factors Economic factors The suitable environment for green maure crops Socio-economic niches for green manure use Bio-physical niches for green manure use Prognosis and research needs References AbstractThe growing concern about the sustainability of tropical agricultural systems stands in striking contrast to a worldwide decline in the use of soil-improving legumes. It is timely to assess the future role that soil-improving legumes may play in agricultural systems. This paper reviews recent progress, potential, and limitations of green manure technology, using lowland rice cropping systems as the example.Only a few legume species are currently used as green manures in lowland rice. Sesbania cannabina is the most widely used pre-rice green manure for rice in the humid tropics of Africa and Asia. Astragalus sinicus is the prototype post-rice green manure species for the cool tropics. Stem-nodulating S. rostrata has been most prominent in recent research. Many green manure legumes show a high N accumulation (80--100 kg N ha-l in 45-60 days of growth) of which the major portion (about 80%) is derived from biological N2 fixation. The average amounts of N accumulated by green manures can entirely substitute for mineral fertilizer N at current average application rates.With similar N use efficiencies, green manure N is less prone to loss mechanisms than mineral N fertilizers and may therefore contribute to long-term residual effects on soil productivity.Despite a high N2-fixing potential and positive effects on soil physical and chemical parameters, the use of green manure legumes for lowland rice production has declined dramatically world-wide over the last 30 years. Land scarcity due to increasing demographic pressure and a relatively low price of urea N are probably the main determining factors for the long-term reduction in pre-rice green manure use. Post-rice green manures were largely substituted for by high-yielding early-maturing grain legumes. Unreliability of green manure performance, nonavailability of seeds, and labor intensive operations are the major agronomic constraints. The recognition and extrapolation of niches where green manures have a comparative advantage may improve an often unfavorable economic comparison of green manure with cash crop or fertilizer N. Socio-economic factors like the cost of land, labor, and mineral N fertilizer are seen to determine the cost-effectiveness and thereby farmers' adoption of sustainable pre-rice green manure technology. Hydrology and soil texture determine the agronomic competitiveness of a green manure with N fertilizers and with alternative cash crops. In general, the niches for pre-rice green manure are characterized by a relatively short time span available for green manure growth and a soil moisture regime that is unfavorable for cash crops (flood-prone rainfed lowlands with coarse-textured soils).Given the numerous agronomic and socio-economic constraints, ...

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Effect of inorganic N and organic fertilizers on nitrogen-fixing (acetylene-reducing) activity associated with wetland rice plants

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Long term effects of fertilization on carbon and nitrogen sequestration and aggregate associated carbon and nitrogen in the Indian sub-Himalayas

Long term effects of fertilization on carbon and nitrogen sequestration and aggregate associated carbon and nitrogen in the Indian sub-Himalayas

Sustainable agriculture in the semi-arid tropics through biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes

Green manure technology: Potential, usage, and limitations. A case study for lowland rice

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