Effect of Injected Astaxanthin on Survival, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immune Response of the Giant Freshwater PrawnMacrobrachium rosenbergii(De Man, 1879) Challenged withLactococcus garvieae

Effects of dietary astaxanthin on growth, antioxidant capacity and gene expression in Pacific white shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei

“…Injected astaxanthin could also significantly increase the survival of Macrobrachium rosenbergii challenged with Lactococcus garvieae and enhanced to some extent its antioxidant capacity and total haemocyte count (Angeles et al . ). Dietary astaxanthin as a powerful antioxidant could improve the growth performance and enhance the stress tolerance in aquaculture.…”

“…Dietary astaxanthin could significantly improve the low dissolved oxygen (DO) tolerance and enhance the survival rate of postlarval shrimp L. vannamei (Niu et al 2009), and also improve the growth, survival and moult frequency of L. vannamei in low-salinity water (Flores et al 2007). Injected astaxanthin could also significantly increase the survival of Macrobrachium rosenbergii challenged with Lactococcus garvieae and enhanced to some extent its antioxidant capacity and total haemocyte count (Angeles et al 2009). Dietary astaxanthin as a powerful antioxidant could improve the growth performance and enhance the stress tolerance in aquaculture.…”

Storage of Carotenoids in Crustaceans as an Adaptation to Modulate Immunopathology and Optimize Immunological and Life‐History Strategies

“…Carotenoids are powerful antioxidants able to limit the oxidative‐mediated self‐harm resulting from the immune response. Hence in addition to directly or indirectly stimulate immunity in some organisms, carotenoids may limit the persistence of a pro‐inflammatory status causing age‐associated morbidity and death . Furthermore, carotenoids such as astaxanthin, may prevent metabolic wasting upon infection by influencing the host's metabolism regulation .…”

“…Such a general immune depressive effect of carotenoids was recently evidenced in T. molitor , increasing the susceptibility to entomopathogenic infections. It contrasts available evidence showing that carotenoids improve the immune response success in crustaceans . However, since crustaceans have evolved specialized features to store large amounts of carotenoids in their tissues in contrast to insects, these pigments might be of special importance in their physiology, including in immunity.…”

“…Dietary supplementation with carotenoids increases phenoloxidase activity and total hemocyte count in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii . Furthermore, the injection of astaxanthin in the same species increases total hemocyte count and survival when exposed to the pathogenic bacterium Lactococcus garvieae . Likewise, a dietary supplementation with astaxanthin increased the total hemocyte count of the marine whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles .…”