Effect of injectable eprinomectin on milk quality and yield of dairy ewes naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

Termatzidou, Sofia-Afroditi; Siachos, Nektarios; Kazana, Panagiota; Sotiraki, Smaragda; Saratsi, Katerina; Achard, Damien; Karembe, Hamadi; Bramis, G.; Kanoulas, Vasileios; Arsenos, G.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109245

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This is in line with what has been shown in studies conducted by Frontiers in Veterinary Science 08 frontiersin.org some of the authors of this study with the administration of synthetic anthelmintics (50)(51)(52)(53)(54). Anthelmintic treatments against GINs positively influence milk production in dairy sheep (50)(51)(52)(53)(54), and treatments in the peripartum period should be used in GIN control strategies in sheep farming (55,56). Therefore, this ethnoveterinary preparation, although a natural product derived from ethnoveterinary knowledge, represents a promising remedy with proven efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This highlights that the increase in milk production and composition results from the anthelmintic efficacy of the aqueous pomegranate macerate, also demonstrated in previous studies (31,36,37), which also positively influences milk production, both in terms of quantity and quality. This is in line with what has been shown in studies conducted by Frontiers in Veterinary Science 08 frontiersin.org some of the authors of this study with the administration of synthetic anthelmintics (50)(51)(52)(53)(54). Anthelmintic treatments against GINs positively influence milk production in dairy sheep (50)(51)(52)(53)(54), and treatments in the peripartum period should be used in GIN control strategies in sheep farming (55,56).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) anthelmintic treatment on milk production in dairy sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

Castagna,

Bava,

Palma

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Anthelmintic drug resistance has proliferated across Europe in sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs). Sheep welfare and health are adversely impacted by these phenomena, which also have an impact on productivity. Finding alternatives for controlling GINs in sheep is thus of utmost importance. In this study, the anthelmintic effectiveness (AE) of a Calabrian ethnoveterinary aqueous macerate based on Punica granatum (whole fruits) was assessed in Comisana pregnant sheep. Furthermore, an examination, both qualitative and quantitative, was conducted on milk. Forty-five sheep were selected for the investigation. The sheep were divided by age, weight, physiological state (pluripara at 20 days before parturition), and eggs per gram of feces (EPG) into three homogeneous groups of 15 animals each: PG received a single oral dosage of P. granatum macerate at a rate of 50 mL per sheep; AG, treated with albendazole, was administered orally at 3.75 mg/kg/bw; and CG received no treatment. Timelines were as follows: D0, treatments, group assignment, fecal sampling, and AE assessment; D7, D14, D21, fecal sampling, and AE evaluation. The FLOTAC technique was used to evaluate the individual GIN fecal egg count (FEC) using a sodium chloride flotation solution (specific gravity = 1.20) and 100 × (1-[T2/C2]) as the formula for evaluating FEC reduction. Following the lambs’ weaning, milk was collected on the following days (DL) in order to quantify production: DL35, DL42, DL49, DL56, DL63, DL70, DL77, and DL84. The amount of milk produced by every animal was measured and reported in milliliters (ml) for quantitative evaluations. Using MilkoScan TM fT + foss electric, Denmark, the quality of the milk (casein, lactose, protein concentration, and fat, expressed as a percentage) was assessed. The macerate demonstrated a considerable AE (51.8%). Moreover, its use has resulted in higher milk production rates quantitatively (15.5%) and qualitatively (5.12% protein, 4.12% casein, 4.21% lactose, and 8.18% fat). The study showed that green veterinary pharmacology could be the easiest future approach to counteracting anthelmintic resistance in sheep husbandry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) anthelmintic treatment on milk production in dairy sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

Castagna,

Bava,

Palma

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…In goats, the injectable formulation of EPN is known to result in 2.5 times greater bioavailability compared to topical administration [9], but until now, published evidence of its efficacy in lactating goats was lacking, although studies have reported that injectable EPN is associated with high efficacy in lactating sheep [10,11] and nonlactating goats [12]. To determine whether lactation could alter the efficacy of injectable EPN, this study was conducted in lactating goats at the recommended label dose for cattle, sheep and goats (0.2 mg/kg bodyweight).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single subcutaneous dose of eprinomectin (Eprecis®) is effective against common gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in experimentally infected lactating goats

Beck,

Thomson,

Reddick

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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Background The health and productivity of dairy goats continue to be impacted by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and lungworms (LW). Eprinomectin (EPN) is frequently selected for treatment because it is generally effective and does not require a milk withdrawal period. However, some factors, such as lactation, can have an impact on EPN pharmacokinetics and potentially its efficacy. To evaluate whether this can alter the efficacy of Eprecis® 2%, an eprinomectin injectable solution, a study was performed in lactating goats using the dose currently registered in cattle, sheep and goats (0.2 mg/kg). Methods This study was a blinded, randomized, controlled trial performed according to the VICH guidelines. Eighteen (18) worm-free lactating goats were included and experimentally challenged on day 28 with a mixed culture of infective gastrointestinal and lung nematode larvae (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Dictyocaulus filaria). At D-1, fecal samples were collected to confirm patent infection in all animals. On D0, the goats were randomly allocated into two groups of nine goats; group 1 was treated with Eprecis® 2% at 0.2 mg/kg BW by subcutaneous injection, while group 2 remained untreated. Fecal samples for egg counts were collected from all animals on days 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 14. On D14, all goats were killed, and the abomasum, small intestine and lungs were removed, processed and subsampled to record the number and species of worms. Results The treatment was well tolerated. After treatment, the arithmetic mean FEC decreased in the treated group and remained < 5 EPG until the end of the study, while the arithmetic mean FEC in the control group remained > 849.0 EPG. At D14, goats in the treated group had very limited or zero total worm counts, whereas all animals from the control group had a high worm burden. The measured efficacy was 100.0% against H. contortus and T. colubriformis, 99.9% against T. circumcincta and 98.0% against D. filaria. Conclusions Eprinomectin (Eprecis®, 20 mg/ml), administered at the label dose (0.2 mg/kg), is highly effective against gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in lactating goats. Graphical abstract

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“…These infections are of economic importance not only in mountain areas but worldwide and result in deaths, reduced weight gain, and organs being discarded at slaughter [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. To these must be added the appreciable losses in milk production, both in terms of quantity and quality [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. They may also act as vehicles for the transmission of other infectious agents, serving as a gateway for subsequent infections [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Helminths in Small Ruminant Farms and Evaluation of Control Practices Used to Counter Anthelmintic Resistance in Southern Italy

Castagna,

Bava,

Gagliardi

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants is a serious worldwide problem. To reduce their spread, it is essential to know the prevalence of helminths on farms and the control practices adopted. As these studies in the Calabria region of southern Italy are fragmentary and outdated, a study on the prevalence of helminths in small ruminant holdings in this area has been conducted. The measures implemented to control helminths were also evaluated through questionnaires administered to farmers. In particular, on 90 farms (45 sheep and 45 goats), 1800 faecal samples from 900 sheep and 900 goats were collected in the spring. Using the FLOTAC dual technique, parasitological examinations demonstrated the presence of gastrointestinal nematodes in 100% of sheep and goat farms, followed by Nematodirus spp. (84.44% sheep and 48.89% goats), Moniezia spp. (73.33% sheep and 35.56% goats), Trichuris ovis (48.89% sheep and 42.22% goats), lungworms (28.89% sheep and 42.22% goats), Strongyloides papillosus (40% sheep and 26.67% goats), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (13.33% sheep and 26.67% goats), Calicophoron daubneyi (6.67% sheep and 31.11% goats), Fasciola hepatica (6.67% sheep and 4.44% goats), and Skrjabinema ovis (4.44% sheep and goats). The questionnaires showed that 82% and 85% of the farmers had applied pasture rotation, and that 93.3% and 86.6% had used anthelmintics in the previous year for sheep and goats, respectively. Only 24.4% of sheep farmers and 11.3% of goat farmers had carried out parasitological tests prior to treatments. The most used classes of anthelmintics were macrocyclic lactones and benzimidazoles, and only in 21.6% and 15.6%, for sheep and goats, respectively, was drug rotation carried out. These results denote that helminths represent a health problem for small ruminants and highlight a lack of knowledge of parasite control strategies among farmers. In these conditions, anthelmintic resistance phenomena could develop over time. Therefore, it is necessary to implement all possible strategies for the control of helminths, and to prevent the spread of anthelmintic resistance phenomena on farms in southern Italy.

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Effect of injectable eprinomectin on milk quality and yield of dairy ewes naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) anthelmintic treatment on milk production in dairy sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) anthelmintic treatment on milk production in dairy sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

A single subcutaneous dose of eprinomectin (Eprecis®) is effective against common gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in experimentally infected lactating goats

Prevalence of Helminths in Small Ruminant Farms and Evaluation of Control Practices Used to Counter Anthelmintic Resistance in Southern Italy

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