Effect of initial grain size on sintering trajectories

Grain growth suppression in alumina via doping and two-step sintering

“…According to some published data, the applicability of two-step sintering for alumina is questionable. For example, Kanters et al [54] suggest that the activation energy of densification in alumina is higher than the activation energy of grain growth. In this case, there would exist no temperature interval (no "kinetic window") where the grain growth is suppressed, while densification is still active.…”

Sintering of thin film nanocrystalline titania–tin oxide composites

“…Film T and T + S3.4 exhibit the expected usual sintering trajectories of nanocrystalline materials. 15 However, a large amount of tin(IV) oxide leads to a significantly decreased density as is the case for T + S5.7 and T + S8.7, which show considerable grain growth but poor densification.…”

“…During the subsequent precipitation of titania, rutile develops preferentially to anatase due to the commonality in crystal structure and similarity in lattice parameters between rutile and tin oxide. 7 Nanocrystalline materials tend to sinter at lower sintering temperatures and show enhanced grain growth as compared to microcrystalline materials, [13][14][15] so it is often necessary to introduce a second phase to inhibit grain growth. For instance, Srdic et al showed that the addition of a certain amount of nanocrystalline alumina yields a decrease in grain growth during the sintering of nanocrystalline zirconia.…”

Cosintering Simulation and Experimentation: Case Study of Nanocrystalline Zirconia

“…(7) that suggests intrinsic mobility control of coarsening for small grain sizes. 27 Deviations in density are Ͻ5% of TD at all times for all samples and all sintering schedules, most of the time even Ͻ2% of TD. The authors furthermore have predicted the density of 3Y-TZP for another, complex firing schedule to within 1.2% of TD at all times.…”