Effect of Initial Full Feeding of Broiler Breeder Pullets on Carcass Development and Body Weight Variation

Pishnamazi, A.; Renema, R. A.; Zuidhof, M. J.; Robinson, F. E.

doi:10.3382/japr.2008-00062

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although we used a correction factor (Romero et al, 2009a) to account for this correlation directly in the model, the existence of this positive correlation indicates that the correction factor underestimated the effect of feed intake on MEm observed in the current study. Pishnamazi et al (2008) reported that feed intake level had a positive relationship with MEm energy expenditure in broiler breeder pullets (R 2 = 0.95). Herd and Arthur (2009) also demonstrated that as feed intake increased, the energy expenditure to digest the feed increased.…”

Section: Energetic Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of environmental temperature and dietary energy on energy partitioning coefficients of female broiler breeders1

Pishnamazi

Renema

Paul

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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With increasing disparity between broiler breeder target weights and broiler growth potential, maintenance energy requirements have become a larger proportion of total broiler breeder energy intake. Because energy is partitioned to growth and egg production at a lower priority than maintenance, accurate prediction of maintenance energy requirements is important for practical broiler breeder feed allocation decisions. Environmental temperature affects the maintenance energy requirement by changing rate of heat loss to the environment. In the ME system, heat production (energy lost) is part of the maintenance requirement (ME). In the current study, a nonlinear mixed model was derived to predict ME partitioning of broiler breeder hens under varied temperature conditions. At 21 wk of age, 192 Ross 708 hens were individually caged within 6 controlled environmental chambers. From 25 to 41 wk, 4 temperature treatments (15°C, 19°C, 23°C, and 27°C) were randomly assigned to the chambers for 2-week periods. Half of the birds in each chamber were fed a high-energy (HE; 2,912 kcal/kg) diet, and half were fed a low-energy (LE; 2,790 kcal/kg) diet. The nonlinear mixed regression model included a normally distributed random term representing individual hen maintenance, a quadratic response to environmental temperature, and linear ADG and egg mass (EM) coefficients. The model assumed that energy requirements for BW gain and egg production were not influenced by environmental temperature because hens were homeothermic, and the cellular processes for associated biochemical processes occurred within a controlled narrow core body temperature range. Residual feed intake (RFI) and residual ME (RME) were used to estimate efficiency. A quadratic effect of environmental temperature on broiler breeder MEm was predicted ( < 0.0001), with a minimum energy expenditure at 24.3°C. Predicted ME at 21°C was 92.5 kcal/kg; requirements for gain and EM were 2.126 and 1.789 kcal/g, respectively ( < 0.0001). Birds fed the HE diet were more efficient, with a lower RME than birds on the LE diet (-0.63 vs. 0.63 kcal/kg), translating to ME of 135.2 and 136.5 kcal/kg, respectively. In the current experiment, optimal biological efficiency was predicted at 24.3°C in feed-restricted broiler breeders fed the HE diet.

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Section: Energetic Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of environmental temperature and dietary energy on energy partitioning coefficients of female broiler breeders1

Pishnamazi

Renema

Paul

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

Self Cite

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“…Feed intake has been found to be positively correlated to ME m [10]. Through reduced feed intake ME m is decreased [10]. This theory supports that the reduction in ME m during the 8-16 period is due to feed restriction relative to ad libitum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Studies estimated that at 9-20 weeks of age, 95-96% of total ME intake was used for maintenance whereas from 5-8 weeks 72.5% was utilized for maintenance [9]. Feed intake has been found to be positively correlated to ME m [10]. Through reduced feed intake ME m is decreased [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BroilerBreak!: Partitioning ME in Broiler Breeders

DesLauriers

Zuidhof²,

Carney³

et al. 2014

Eureka

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Feed restriction is a common tool utilized in broiler breeder production. The period of most severe feed restriction is during the rearing phase. In order to feed at the proper requirements the maintenance requirements of the birds must be estimated. Biometric models have been previously developed, however these estimates may loose accuracy due to changes in genetic selection criteria. In order to verify the estimates of metabolizable energy of maintenance (MEm), a study was conducted from 0-20 weeks with a total of 8,500 Ross 308 females placed at two separate commercial farms. The study also examined the effect of temperature on maintenance requirements of commercial broiler breeders. Although the effect of temperature was inconclusive, the estimates of maintenance requirements were consistent with other experimental findings in the literature.

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“…The mathematical model used to predict energy partitioning to HP and RE was based on previous work of Romero et al. (2009) and used by others ( Pishnamazi et al., 2008 , Hadinia et al., 2018 ). The following model was defined in the NLMIXED procedure in SAS (version 9.4.; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 2012): MEI d = ( a + u ) × BW b + c × BW d × ADG e + ε, u ∼ N (0, V u ), MEI d ∼ N (μ,V), where MEI d = daily ME intake (kcal/D), BW = body weight (kg), ADG = average daily gain (g/D) calculated over a 4-D period, ε = residual error.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of mathematical and comparative slaughter methodologies for determination of heat production and energy retention in broilers

et al. 2020

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Understanding factors affecting ME availability for productive processes is an important step in optimal feed formulation. This study compared a modelling methodology with the comparative slaughter technique ( CST ) to estimate energy partitioning to heat production and energy retention ( RE ) and to investigate differences in heat dissipation. At hatch, 50 broilers were randomly allocated in one of 4 pens equipped with a precision feeding station. From day 14 to day 45, they were either fed with a low-ME (3,111 kcal/kg ME) or a high-ME (3,383 kcal/kg ME) diet. At day 19, birds were assigned to pair-feeding in groups of 6 with lead birds eating ad libitum (100%) and follow birds eating at either 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90% of the paired lead's cumulative feed intake. Heat production and RE were estimated by CST and with a nonlinear mixed model explaining daily ME intake ( MEI ) as a function of metabolic BW and average daily gain ( ADG ). The energy partitioning model predicted MEI = (145.10 + u ) BW 0.83 + 1.09 × BW −0.18 × ADG 1.19 + ε. The model underestimated heat production by 13.4% and overestimated RE by 22.8% compared with the CST. The model was not able to distinguish between net energy for gain values of the diets (1,448 ± 18.5 kcal/kg vs. 1,493 ± 18.0 kcal/kg for the low-ME and high-ME diet, respectively), whereas the CST found a 148 kcal/kg difference between the low-ME and high-ME diets (1,101 ± 22.5 kcal/kg vs. 1,249 ± 22.0 kcal/kg, respectively). The estimates of the net energy for gain values of the 2 diets decreased with increasing feed restriction. The heat increment of feeding did not differ between birds fed with the low- or high-ME diet (26% of MEI). Additional measurements on heat dissipation, physical activity, and immune status indicated that the energetic content of the diet and feed restriction affect some parameters (shank temperature, feeding station visits) but not others (leukocyte counts, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, and immune cell function).

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Effect of Initial Full Feeding of Broiler Breeder Pullets on Carcass Development and Body Weight Variation

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of environmental temperature and dietary energy on energy partitioning coefficients of female broiler breeders1

Effects of environmental temperature and dietary energy on energy partitioning coefficients of female broiler breeders1

BroilerBreak!: Partitioning ME in Broiler Breeders

Comparison of mathematical and comparative slaughter methodologies for determination of heat production and energy retention in broilers

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