Effect of increasing climatic water deficit on some leaf and stomatal parameters of wild and cultivated almonds under Mediterranean conditions

Evaluation of the chemical and nutritional characteristics of almonds (Prunus dulcis (Mill). D.A. Webb) as influenced by harvest time and cultivar

“…Among these cultivars, the Italian ‘Tuono’, is also grown in Greece, Libya, Tunisia and in Spain (where it is known as ‘Guara’) . All almond cultivars were grafted, on sweet almond cv Don Carlo, by T‐budding in the fall onto almond seedling rootstocks, a common grafting technique used for almond orchards located in the Mediterranean region and already used in other studies . Almond cultivars were grown under rainfed conditions and with a tree spacing of 6.0 m × 6.0 m. All trees had the same age, and standard cultural practices were performed.…”

“…30 All almond cultivars were grafted, on sweet almond cv Don Carlo, by T-budding in the fall onto almond seedling rootstocks, a common grafting technique used for almond orchards located in the Mediterranean region and already used in other studies. 31,32 Almond cultivars were grown under rainfed conditions and with a tree spacing of 6.0 m × 6.0 m. All trees had the same age, and standard cultural practices were performed. Fruits were randomly collected from four different trees for each cultivar at two different harvest times, as follows: (i) T 1 (14 July 2016) corresponding to stage 'J' 33 -that is, an early stage of almond maturity, when the fruit was still unripe, with green and moist hull, but with developed cotyledons, easily separable from almond skin; (ii) T 2 (between the second half of August and the beginning of September 2016), corresponding to stage 'L' 33 -that is, ripe fruits with dry brown hull.…”

Salinity Differentially Affects Growth and Ecophysiology of Two Mastic Tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.) Accessions

“…Then, 60 leaves (10 leavesˆ2 accessionsˆ3 treatments) were randomly collected to evaluate the stomatal characteristics, both frequency (stomata mm´2) and size (width and length), following the technique reported by Camposeo et al [18] using light microscopy (Nikon Instruments Europe, Florence, Italy) and the image analysis software ARKON (version Arkon 32, Nikon Instruments, Florence, Italy). At the same time, on fully expanded, healthy, well light-exposed leaves [19], stomatal conductance (mmol H 2 O m´2¨s´1), transpiration rate (T, mmol H 2 O m´2¨s´1; data not shown) and net assimilation rate (A, µmol CO 2 m´2¨s´1) using the open system gas exchange analyzer LCA-4 (Leaf chamber Analyzer, ADC Ltd., Hoddeson, UK) with PLC (Parkinson Leaf chamber) B-002 (Analytical Development Company, Hoddesdon, Herts, UK), were determined under saturated photosynthetically active radiation (PAR > 1700 µmol m´2¨s´1).…”

Soil water and salinity dynamics under sprinkler irrigated almond exposed to a varied salinity stress at different growth stages

“…On the other hand, the studies on the implications of the application of saline/recycled water irrigation on the water availability to almonds and salinity dynamics in the soil are sparse. Notably, the salinity related studies are specifically focused on the identification of tolerant root stocks (Gradziel and Kester, 1998;Camposeo et al, 2011) and genotypes (Rouhi et al, 2007;Sorkheh et al, 2012;Rajabpoor et al, 2014;Bahrami et al, 2015). Franco et al (2000) reported a 46% reduction in the almond kernels when seasonally irrigated with high salinity water (4.6 dS/m) compared to when less saline water (0.8 dS/m) was used.…”