Effect of Inclusion of Cellulose in an “Atherogenic” Diet on the Blood Lipids of Children

Shurpalekar, K. S.; Doraiswamy, T. R.; Sundaravalli, O. E.; Rao, M. Narayana

doi:10.1038/232554a0

Cited by 77 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Thus, in contrast to what has been generally believed, the influence of bran on serum cholesterol, whenever recorded, seems to be that it decreases its level by reducing cholesterol synthesis and elimination, and not by first enhancing elimination (impaired cholesterol and bile acid absorption) and stimulating synthesis second. Accordingly, the effect of bran differs from that of some other fibresfor example, cellulose, Metamucil, and pectinwhich enhance cholesterol elimination as faecal bile acids, reduce serum cholesterol, and increase cholesterol synthesis (Forman et al, 1968;Shurpalekar et al, 1971;Stanley et al, 1973;Durrington et al, 1976;Miettinen and Tarpila, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter precipitates bile acids from intestinal contents obtained after a test meal . In vivo, however, lignin is unable to increase faecal bile acid excretion (Eastwood and Hamilton, 1968;Heaton et al, 1971), while cellulose, Metamucil, and pectin promote faecal elimination of cholesterol as bile acids resulting in a lowering of serum cholesterol (Forman et aL, 1968;Shurpalekar et al, 1971;Stanley et al, 1973;Durrington et al, 1976;Miettinen and Tarpila, 1977). Dietary fibre may increase the bulk 'This work was supported by grants from the Finnish State Council for Medical Research.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of bran on serum cholesterol, faecal mass, fat, bile acids and neutral sterols, and biliary lipids in patients with diverticular disease of the colon

Tarpila¹,

Miettinen²,

Metsäranta³

1978

Gut

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SUMMARY Twenty-two patients with symptomatic diverticular disease of the colon were randomly allocated to control and high-fibre groups so that the long-term effect (up to 12 months) of bran on serum, faecal and biliary lipids could be studied. Even in cases of high initial values, faecal mass was increased by bran and the change was positively correlated with the change in dietary fibre. Faecal fat and dry weight were also increased. Faecal bile acids were initially slightly raised and were positively correlated with wet weight both off and on bran. The latter significantly decreased the excretion and concentration of bile acids, in particular the high initial values. The change in bile acids was not correlated with the change in dietary fibre or faecal wet weight. Sterol balance values indicated that the bran-induced decrease in faecal bile acids was associated with a lower cholesterol synthesis. Serum cholesterol decreased significantly in two hypercholesterolaemic individuals only. Correlations between different parameters revealed that the higher the initial level or the greater the drop in cholesterol synthesis, the greater the decrease in serum cholesterol. Bran had no effect on the biliary saturation of cholesterol. The percentage of biliary deoxycholate was negatively correlated with faecal mass (less so with faecal bile acid output) both before and during bran and was significantly decreased by bran. The percentage of cholic acid increased correspondingly and that of chenodeoxycholate remained unchanged. Faecal bile acids also indicated that the synthesis of the two primary bile acids was lowered by bran to the same degree.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bran on serum cholesterol, faecal mass, fat, bile acids and neutral sterols, and biliary lipids in patients with diverticular disease of the colon

Tarpila¹,

Miettinen²,

Metsäranta³

1978

Gut

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“…Earlier studies indicated the cholesterol‐lowering mechanism behind dietary cellulose could be related to bile acid binding and excretion 65,66 ; however, more recent studies have quelled this hypothesis experimentally 67,68 . An in vitro analysis performed by Story et al 67 .…”

Section: Almonds and Low‐density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction: Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of almond consumption on the reduction of LDL-cholesterol: a discussion of potential mechanisms and future research directions

et al. 2011

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Diet plays a seminal role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Consumption of tree nuts has been shown to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), a primary target for coronary disease prevention, by 3-19%. Almonds have been found to have a consistent LDL-C-lowering effect in healthy individuals, and in individuals with high cholesterol and diabetes, in both controlled and free-living settings. Almonds are low in saturated fatty acids, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and contain fiber, phytosterols, and plant protein. Other cardioprotective nutrients unique to almonds include α-tocopherol, arginine, magnesium, copper, manganese, calcium, and potassium. Mechanisms responsible for the LDL-C reduction observed with almond consumption are likely associated with the nutrients almonds provide. Biologically active by nature, these nutrients target primary mechanistic routes of LDL-C reduction, including decreased (re)absorption of cholesterol and bile acid, increased bile acid and cholesterol excretion, and increased LDL-C receptor activity. The nutrients present in almonds may regulate enzymes involved in de novo cholesterol synthesis and bile acid production. Research is needed to understand all mechanisms by which almonds reduce cardiovascular disease risk.

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“…In vitro, fibre has bile salt binding properties (Eastwood and Hamilton, 1968). Nevertheless, the effects of fibre on bile salt metabolism have not been reported except for conflicting statements that faecal bile acid excretion is or is not increased by a raised intake of cellulose (Shurpalekar et al, 1971;Stanley et al, 1972;Eastwood et al, 1973), bran (Eastwood et al, 1973), or mixed fiibre (Antonis and Bersohn, 1962). We have studied the effect of bran on bile salt metabolism using radioactively labelled bile salts and analysing duodenal bile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Bile Salt Metabolism by Dietary Fibre (Bran)

Pomare¹,

Heaton²

1973

BMJ

120

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sackie or related virus infections other seasonal factors or combinations of factors must be responsible, and these may be viral, non-viral, or both. In this case the role of Coxsackie virus would appear to be that of an initiating factor, producing subclinical islet cell damage in patients in whom diabetes is subsequently precipitated by other seasonal factors. The results of our antibody studies throw little light on this problem as neither the present study nor our previous results indicate when Coxsackie virus infection occurred in relation to the onset of diabetes.If viruses do induce diabetes in man, the question arises as to what proportion of the total incidence of diabetes is associated with Coxsackie virus infection. There are at present few indications that maturity-onset diabetes is associated with viral infection, but in our previous investigations (Gamble et al., 1969) we found higher Coxsackie B4 virus antibody titres in non-insulin-dependent diabetics of acute onset than in controls. The numbers were too small for a significant difference to be found but the difference was of the same order as that found in the insulin-dependent diabetics and this type of patient merits further study. Of insulin-dependent diabetes, our results suggest that a substantial proportion may be associated with Coxsackie B virus infection and, if this is so, a search for a viral aetiology in the remainder would clearly be indicated. The numbers studied to date have been too small to show whether other members of the Coxsackie B groups are implicated but it is unlikely that they could account for many cases without it being apparent from our results. Other picornaviruses are obvious candidates, particularly in cases occurring in autumn, in whom we found no excess of Coxsackie virus antibodies.Mumps virus is not, however, a member of the picorna group and the possibility that other groups of virus may be involved should not be overlooked, particularly in younger children.We gratefully acknowledge the help we have received from the many physicians who have provided information and specimens from their patients for this study. Our 'ournal, 1973, 4, 262-264 Summary Feeding dietary fibre in the form of bran induced changes in bile salt metabolism in five people with intact gall bladders. There was evidence of reduced dehydroxylation of bile salts; the proportion of deoxycholate conjugates in bile was reduced and the transfer of radioactivity from labelled taurocholate to deoxycholate was decreased. These findings, which were independent of changes in intestinal transit rate, imply that bran reduced the degradation of bile salts by colonic bacteria. This property of bran accords with recent theories that fibre-depleted diets favour the degradation of bile salts in the colon. These findings may be relevant to the aetiology of large bowel cancer.

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Effect of Inclusion of Cellulose in an “Atherogenic” Diet on the Blood Lipids of Children

Cited by 77 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of bran on serum cholesterol, faecal mass, fat, bile acids and neutral sterols, and biliary lipids in patients with diverticular disease of the colon

Effects of bran on serum cholesterol, faecal mass, fat, bile acids and neutral sterols, and biliary lipids in patients with diverticular disease of the colon

Effects of almond consumption on the reduction of LDL-cholesterol: a discussion of potential mechanisms and future research directions

Alteration of Bile Salt Metabolism by Dietary Fibre (Bran)

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