Effect of immunological stress to neuroendocrine and gene expression in different swine breeds

Abstract

Immunological stress is the status of animal in active immune when they are challenged by bacterial, virus and endocrine. It is associated with immunological, neurological, and endocrinological response. An immunological stress model was established in this study using Chinese indigenous breed (Laiwu), crossbred (Lulai), and exotic breed (Yorkshire), to explore the capacity of immunological stress resistance among different breeds. The study was also to reveal the effect of chromium yeast to immunological stress. 48 post-weaning piglets were taken from three breeds, 16 piglets of each breed from Laiwu, Lulai and Yorkshire. The experiment was designed as 2 × 2 factors, immunological stress (Saline, LPS) and Chromium (with Cr, without Cr). There were four treatments: control, LPS, Cr, and Cr+LPS. Blood parameters related to immunological stress, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, GH, and cortisol, were examined after blood sample were taken at 0, 2, 5, and 7 h of post-injection. The results showed that IL-1β, TNF-α, and cortisol increased in group of LPS treatment while GH declined at 2 h of post-injection in comparison to the control (p < 0.01). However, IL-1β, TNF-α, and cortisol in group of Cr+LPS were lower than that in group of LPS while GH were higher (p < 0.05). Total RNA was extractedfrom blood lymphocytes separation samples at 2 h of post-injection. Q-PCR was applied to determine the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The results showed that LPS injection increased the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Among three breeds, the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in Yorkshire were significantly higher than in Laiwu and Lulai (p < 0.05), but there was no difference between Laiwu and Lulai. Among four treatments, the expression of three genes in group of LPS was the highest, compared to the group of Cr+LPS (p < 0.05) and control (p < 0.01). This study concluded that Laiwu had stronger capacity of immunological stress resistance and next was Lulai among three breeds. Chromium yeast helped piglets relieve immunological stress.

Neuroendocrine and Immune Responses Undertake Different Fates following Tryptophan or Methionine Dietary Treatment: Tales from a Teleost Model

“…injected fish compared to non-injected fish. This is in agreement with previous studies, both in mammals and teleosts, which showed a cortisol-induced production after injection challenge [i.e., bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or bacteria] ( 33 – 35 ). For instance, LPS induced cortisol secretion in gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) at 2 and 6 h after LPS injection ( 36 ).…”

Effects of Dietary Ferulic Acid on the Intestinal Microbiota and the Associated Changes on the Growth Performance, Serum Cytokine Profile, and Intestinal Morphology in Ducks

“…Immunological stress was another notorious factor that deteriorated the animal performance (Lochmiller and Deerenberg, 2000). It usually occurred when animals were challenged by infectious agents, such as pathogenic organisms or environmental insults (Song et al, 2014). When immunological stress happened, both innate and adaptive systems in birds were triggered.…”

Time course study of the response to LPS targeting the pig immune gene networks

“…Immunological stress is the status of animals challenged by bacteria or viruses. It is associated with immunological, neurological, and endocrinological responses [ 4 ]. A four time point kinetic was studied.…”

“…In modern intensive livestock production, pigs are easily threatened by different types of inflammation. Immunological stress is a comprehensive process involving immunological, neurological, and endocrinological responses [ 4 ]. The reciprocal “subjugation” of the brain and the immune system via cytokines and stress hormones is now well demonstrated [ 5 , 6 ].…”