Effect of immigration on multiple sclerosis sex ratio in Canada: the Canadian Collaborative Study

Orton, Sarah-Michelle; Ramagopalan, Sreeram; Brocklebank, Denise; Herrera, Blanca; Dyment, David A.; Yee, Irene M.; Sadovnick, A. Dessa; Ebers, George C.

doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.162784

Cited by 57 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…A study performed in Canada showed a gradual increase in the rate of female to male ratio in a cohort of immigrants. The gender ratio increased gradually, until it was similar to the ratio of patients born in Canada, and the trend was more significant in the patients immigrating to Canada from southern Europe at an age younger than 21 years [11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Month of Birth and the Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in the Israeli Population

Givon¹,

Zeilig

Dolev

et al. 2012

Neuroepidemiology

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Background: Recent studies on date of birth of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients showed a spring peak and an autumn nadir. We examined the effect of date of birth in a large group of MS patients and non-MS patients, compared to the general population in Israel. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in a large cohort of MS patients and patients with other neurological disorders. The date of birth, gender, and country of birth were identified for each patient. The results were compared to a national database. Results: There were 2,264 MS patients and 1,758 patients with other diagnoses. No significant peak or nadir in the date of birth was identified in either group, both in patients born in Israel or in immigrants. No difference was found compared to the national birth rate. When we controlled for the country of birth, there was no difference. Conclusion: An increased frequency of MS patients born in the months of April and May was considered as a proof of maternal influence. The results of our study show that this finding is not consistent worldwide. The month of birth was not found to be a significant factor in Israeli MS patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Month of Birth and the Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in the Israeli Population

Givon¹,

Zeilig

Dolev

et al. 2012

Neuroepidemiology

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“…Although sexual dimorphism of TLR effects on disease has not been previously reported, postpubertal mice show sex differences in cytokine responses to TLR ligands, with females producing less IL-1 in response to the TLR2 ligand lipoteichoic acid (72), and it is a typical feature of both EAE (73-76) and MS [reviewed in Orton et al (77)]. Paradoxically, although the incidence and severity of MS is generally higher in women, it is also more readily affected by environmental change (77). Although these data do not contribute to understanding the greater susceptibility of women to autoimmunity, they do provide a potential mechanism by which environmental factors could play a greater role in the prevalence of disease in women than in men.…”

Section: Role Of Central Regulatory T Cells In Modulating Passivementioning

confidence: 94%

Role for MyD88, TLR2 and TLR9 but Not TLR1, TLR4 or TLR6 in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Miranda-Hernandez

Gerlach

Fletcher

et al. 2011

The Journal of Immunology

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The potential roles of TLRs in the cause and pathogenesis of autoimmune CNS inflammation remain contentious. In this study, we examined the effects of targeted deletions of TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, TLR9, and MyD88 on the induction of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35–55 (MOG35–55) peptide/CFA/pertussis toxin-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Although C57BL/6.Tlr1−/−, C57BL/6.Tlr4−/− and C57BL/6.Tlr6−/− mice showed normal susceptibility to disease, signs were alleviated in female C57BL/6.Tlr2−/− and C57BL/6.Tlr9−/− mice and C57BL/6.Tlr2/9−/− mice of both sexes. C57BL/6.Myd88−/− mice were completely protected. Lower clinical scores were associated with reduced leukocyte infiltrates. These results were confirmed by passive adoptive transfer of disease into female C57BL/6.Tlr2−/− and C57BL/6.Tlr9−/− mice, where protection in the absence of TLR2 was associated with fewer infiltrating CD4+ cells in the CNS, reduced prevalence of detectable circulating IL-6, and increased proportions of central (CD62L+) CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. These results provide a potential molecular mechanism for the observed effects of TLR signaling on the severity of autoimmune CNS inflammation.

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“…In 1999, Bencsik et al (15) reported that the female/male ratio was 1:2.75 in the MS population of the county and 1:1.09 in the overall county population. These results are in accordance with the literature finding of a higher occurrence of MS in women and with those that show an increasing tendency (26,27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

New data in the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Hungary

Fricska-Nagy

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Effect of immigration on multiple sclerosis sex ratio in Canada: the Canadian Collaborative Study

Abstract: MS sex ratio in immigrants to Canada is increasing but variable by region of origin and influenced by age at migration. The findings highlight the importance of environmental effect(s) in MS risk, which are likely gender-specific.

Cited by 57 publications

References 38 publications

The Month of Birth and the Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in the Israeli Population

The Month of Birth and the Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in the Israeli Population

Role for MyD88, TLR2 and TLR9 but Not TLR1, TLR4 or TLR6 in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

New data in the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Hungary

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