Effect of Illumination with the Visible Polarized and Nonpolarized Light on α-Amylolysis of Starches of Different Botanical Origin

Fiedorowicz, Maciej; Chaczatrian, Gohar

doi:10.1021/jf026202r

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Formerly studied enzymatic hydrolysis of starch (13), chitin and chitosan (14), and cellulose (15) followed first‐order kinetics and the Michaelis equation regardless if the reactions were either PL stimulated or proceeded non‐stimulated in such manner. Hydrolysis of beechwood xylan with xylanase followed neither a zero‐, first‐, nor second‐order path, and the Michaelis equation did not apply.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the stimulating role of white, linearly polarized light upon all α‐amylase in starch α‐amylolysis (13), chitosanase and chitinase in the degradation of chitosan and chitin, respectively (14), cellulase in the hydrolysis of cellulose (15), glucosyltransferase in the production of cyclodextrins (16, 17), and the modification of the physicochemical properties of cellulose (17, 18) has been demonstrated. In this paper an extension of the application of white, linearly polarized light for stimulation of xylanase on the degradation of xylan is presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polarized‐Light‐Stimulated Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Xylan

Konieczna‐Molenda

Lai

Fiedorowicz

et al. 2008

Biotechnology Progress

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The 1-to 2-h illumination of xylanase with visible polarized light (PL) prior to the action of that enzyme upon beechwood xylan significantly increased its activity. The activity only negligibly decreased on 3 months storage. The hydrolysis of xylan proceeded in three well-distinguished stages. In the first and fastest stage the effect of illumination was only slightly positive. The effect of the stimulation was noted in the second, slower stage. Enzyme stimulated with PL, preferably by means of the 2-h illumination, performed better than enzyme stimulated with nonpolarized light and non-stimulated enzyme. In the last, the slowest stage, the rates of the reaction were nearly the same using either stimulated or non-stimulated enzyme. IntroductionRecent increase in interest is noted in various modes of applications of polarized light (PL). Physicians have found that illumination of burns (1, 2) and wounds (3, 4) with PL accelerated their healing, and eczema psoriasis ceased after exposure to PL (5). There are also some reports on a positive effect of PL upon biostimulation in human organism (6-8).Other effects of PL on the biology of living systems have also been described (9, 10).Polarized light also influences living processes in flora. Navez and Rubenstein (11) found that PL influences the hydrolysis of starch, an effect that was associated with the activation of hydrolases. Semmens (12), who observed the effect of moonlight upon starch hydrolysis, has interpreted that observation in terms of the polarized nature of moonlight.Recently, the stimulating role of white, linearly polarized light upon all R-amylase in starch R-amylolysis (13), chitosanase and chitinase in the degradation of chitosan and chitin, respectively (14), cellulase in the hydrolysis of cellulose (15), glucosyltransferase in the production of cyclodextrins (16, 17), and the modification of the physicochemical properties of cellulose (17, 18) has been demonstrated. In this paper an extension of the application of white, linearly polarized light for stimulation of xylanase on the degradation of xylan is presented.Xylan was selected for the study because it is one of the most abundant polysaccharides in nature. It consists mainly of linear chains of D-xylosyl residues (19). Hydrolysis of xylan involves two major types of enzymes: endo-1,4--xylanases and -xylosidases. Endoxylanases split nonselectively -1,4-linkages between xylosyl residues in the xylan chains, whereas -xylosidases release xylosyl residues only from the non-reducing ends (20). Complete breakdown of such complex structure as xylan requires additional involvement of a number of debranching enzymes, i.e., acetylxylan esterase, R-L-arabinofuranosidase, and R-glucuronidase (21), all removing xylan substituents.In recent years, xylanases attracted attention due to their application in the food, fodder, and pulp industries (22, 23). The pulp industry produces carcinogenic chlorinated phenolics released into the environment on the use of chemical bleaching agents. Pretreatment of pulp w...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarized‐Light‐Stimulated Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Xylan

Konieczna‐Molenda

Lai

Fiedorowicz

et al. 2008

Biotechnology Progress

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“…The following enzymes have been activated with polarized light: chitinase, [21] chitosanase, [21] glucoamylase, [22] a-amylase, [22] bxylanase, [23] and cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase). [24] Then the effect of illumination was tested on chitin, chitosan, sago starch, beechwood xylan and cellulose, respectively.…”

Section: Activation Of Enzymes With Polarized Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22] Illumination with white linearly polarized light stimulated chitinase and chitosanase in their degradation of chitin and chitosan, respectively. Hydrolysis of chitosan to glucosamine followed first order kinetics whereas hydrolysis of chitin to N-acetylglucosamine deviated from the first order kinetics.…”

Section: Activation Of Enzymes With Polarized Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Polarized Light‐Induced Enzymatic Formation and Degradation of Biopolymers

Konieczna‐Molenda

Fiedorowicz

Tomasik

2008

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary: White, linearly polarized transformed starch amylopectin into amylose. Moreover, it activated a-amylolysis of starch, hydrolysis of xylane with xylanase, hydrolyses of chitin with chitinase, chitosan with chitosanase, and, interestingly, influenced production of cyclodextrins with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. Effect of duration of illumination of cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase with polarized light had certain effect upon the yield and isomer ration of three isomeric cyclodextrins. Application of the polarized light required 1-2 hour illumination of the enzymes in a small reaction vessel followed by admixture of so activated enzymes to a bioreactor. Further reactions did not require any illumination.

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“…LPVL also activated particular enzymes suitable for transformations of polysaccharides. Thus, enzymatic hydrolysis of starch (Fiedorowicz & Chaczatrian, 2003), xylan (Konieczna-Molenda, Fiedorowicz, Lai, & Tomasik, 2008), chitin and chitosan (Konieczna-Molenda, Fiedorowicz, Zhong, & Tomasik, 2008), as well as increased production of cyclodextrins with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (Fiedorowicz, Konieczna-Molenda, Khachatryan, & Tomasik, 2006) could be stimulated with LPVL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%