Effect of <i>Fusarium</i> toxin‐contaminated triticale and forage‐to‐concentrate ratio on fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen

Hildebrand, Bastian; Boguhn, J.; Dänicke, Sven; Rodehutscord, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01143.x

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our findings indicated that the MTX diet impaired NDF and DM digestibility. Hildebrand et al (2012) found similar effects in their study of dairy cows that received about 4400 µg of DON/kg of feed, in that these cows had significantly decreased degradation of crude fiber and NDF. A previous study (Gurung et al, 1999) reported that FB had no effect on in vitro DM degradability.…”

Section: Digestibility Traits and Ruminal And Fecal Variablesmentioning

confidence: 64%

A mycotoxin-deactivating feed additive counteracts the adverse effects of regular levels of Fusarium mycotoxins in dairy cows

Gallo

Minuti

Bani

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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Little is known about the effects of commonly found levels of Fusarium mycotoxins on the performance, metabolism, and immunity of dairy cattle. We investigated the effects of regular contamination levels, meaning contamination levels that can be commonly detected in dairy feeds, of deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FB) in total mixed ration (TMR) on the performance, diet digestibility, milk quality, and plasma liver enzymes in dairy cows. This trial examined 12 lactating Holstein dairy cows using a 3-period × 3-treatment Latin Square design. The experimental period was 21 d of mycotoxin exposure followed by 14 d of washout. During treatment periods, cows received one of 3 diets: (1) CTR (control) diet of TMR contaminated with 340.5 µg of DON/kg of dry matter (DM) and 127.9 µg FB/kg of DM; (2) MTX diet of TMR contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins at levels higher than CTR but below US and European Union guidelines (i.e., 733.0 µg of DON/kg of DM and 994.4 µg of FB/kg of DM); or (3) MDP diet, which was MTX diet supplemented with a mycotoxin deactivator product (i.e., 897.3 µg of DON/kg of DM and 1,247.1 µg of FB/kg of DM; Mycofix, 35 g/animal per day). During washout, all animals were fed the same CTR diet. Body weight, body condition score, DM intake, dietary nutrient digestibility, milk production, milk composition and rennet coagulation properties, somatic cell count, blood serum chemistry, hematology, serum immunoglobulin concentrations, and expression of multiple genes in circulating leucocytes were measured. Milk production was significantly greater in the CTR group (37.73 kg/d) than in the MTX (36.39 kg/d) and the MDP (36.55 kg/d) groups. Curd firmness and curd firming time were negatively affected by the MTX diet compared with the other 2 diets. Furthermore, DM and neutral detergent fiber digestibility were lower after the MTX diet than after the CTR diet (67.3 vs. 71.0% and 42.8 vs. 52.3%). The MDP diet had the highest digestibility coefficients for DM (72.4%) and neutral detergent fiber (53.6%) compared with the other 2 diets. The activities of plasma liver transaminases were higher after the MTX diet than after the CTR and MDP diets. Compared with the CTR diet, the MTX diet led to slightly lower expression of genes related to immune and inflammatory functions, indicating that Fusarium mycotoxins had an immunosuppressive effect. Our results indicated that feed contaminated with regular levels of Fusarium mycotoxins adversely affected the performance, milk quality, diet digestibility, metabolic variables, and immunity of dairy cows, and that supplementation with mycotoxin deactivator product counteracted most of these negative effects.

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Section: Digestibility Traits and Ruminal And Fecal Variablesmentioning

confidence: 64%

A mycotoxin-deactivating feed additive counteracts the adverse effects of regular levels of Fusarium mycotoxins in dairy cows

Gallo

Minuti

Bani

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…However, the ruminal N observed in the present study is in agreement with the previous report in growing animals (Prakash et al., 2008). The highest molar proportion of acetate in the R 1 was probably due to the high fibre content of the diet (Hildebrand et al., 2011). The higher molar proportion of butyrate in the CM supplemented diets (R 2 , R 3 and R 4 ) might be due to the improved energy utilization (Wolin and Miller, 1988; Van Houtert, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen microbial variation and nutrient utilisation in mithun (Bos frontalis) under different feeding regimes

Prakash¹,

Saha²,

Khate³

et al. 2012

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of feeding different diets on fermentation, enzyme activities and microbial population in the rumen fluid of mithun (Bos frontalis). In a randomized block design, 20 male mithun (6-8 months of age, 152 ± 12.6 kg body weight) were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 5/group) and fed experimental diets ad libitum for 180 days. The diet R1 contained tree foliages (TF), R2 comprised of 50% concentrate mixture (CM) and 50% TF, R3 contained 50% CM and 50% rice straw, and R4 contained 50% CM, 25% TF and 25% rice straw. Rumen liquor was collected at 0 and 180 days of the experiment for estimation of different ruminal parameters and a digestion trial was conducted at the end of the experiment. Rumen fluid was analysed for pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3 -N), total-N, ruminal enzymes, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and microbial profile. The relative quantification of ruminal microbes was carried out with real-time PCR using bacteria as the house keeping gene. The dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility, body weight gain, NH3 -N, total-N, carboxymethyl cellulase, avicelase, xylanase, amylase, protease and molar proportion of butyrate were (p < 0.05) higher in mithun fed R2 , R3 and R4 compared to those fed R1 diet. In contrast, increased (p < 0.05) ruminal pH, molar proportion of acetate and, acetate to propionate ratio was recorded in mithun fed only TF than those fed concentrate supplemented diets. Similarly, an increase (p < 0.05) in the population of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and total bacteria were evident in mithun fed R2 , R3 and R4 compared to those fed R1 . Therefore, it is concluded that TF 25% and/or rice straw 25% along with CM 50% may be fed to the growing mithun for improved rumen ecology, nutrient utilization and thus better performance under stall fed system.

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“…Other in vitro data [ 145 , 146 ] indicated the incubation of DON (5 mg of DON/kg diet) and other Fusarium toxins (ZEA, nivalenol, scirpentriol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol) in diluted rumen fluid did not alter normal fermentation activity of rumen inocula, except for the activity of cellulosolitic bacteria. Korosteleva et al [ 180 , 181 ] reported Fusarium contaminated diets (3.5 mg of DON/kg diet and 0.24 mg of ZEA/kg diet) affected metabolic parameters and immunity of lactating dairy cows, even if no effect on DM intake or milk performance was reported.…”

Section: Effect Of Mycotoxins Ingestion On Ruminants: Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Mycotoxin Issues in Ruminants: Occurrence in Forages, Effects of Mycotoxin Ingestion on Health Status and Animal Performance and Practical Strategies to Counteract Their Negative Effects

Gallo

Giuberti

Frisvad

et al. 2015

Toxins

284

287

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Ruminant diets include cereals, protein feeds, their by-products as well as hay and grass, grass/legume, whole-crop maize, small grain or sorghum silages. Furthermore, ruminants are annually or seasonally fed with grazed forage in many parts of the World. All these forages could be contaminated by several exometabolites of mycotoxigenic fungi that increase and diversify the risk of mycotoxin exposure in ruminants compared to swine and poultry that have less varied diets. Evidence suggests the greatest exposure for ruminants to some regulated mycotoxins (aflatoxins, trichothecenes, ochratoxin A, fumonisins and zearalenone) and to many other secondary metabolites produced by different species of Alternaria spp. (e.g., AAL toxins, alternariols, tenuazonic acid or 4Z-infectopyrone), Aspergillus flavus (e.g., kojic acid, cyclopiazonic acid or β-nitropropionic acid), Aspergillus fuminatus (e.g., gliotoxin, agroclavine, festuclavines or fumagillin), Penicillium roqueforti and P. paneum (e.g., mycophenolic acid, roquefortines, PR toxin or marcfortines) or Monascus ruber (citrinin and monacolins) could be mainly related to forage contamination. This review includes the knowledge of mycotoxin occurrence reported in the last 15 years, with special emphasis on mycotoxins detected in forages, and animal toxicological issues due to their ingestion. Strategies for preventing the problem of mycotoxin feed contamination under farm conditions are discussed.

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Effect of Fusarium toxin‐contaminated triticale and forage‐to‐concentrate ratio on fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

A mycotoxin-deactivating feed additive counteracts the adverse effects of regular levels of Fusarium mycotoxins in dairy cows

A mycotoxin-deactivating feed additive counteracts the adverse effects of regular levels of Fusarium mycotoxins in dairy cows

Rumen microbial variation and nutrient utilisation in mithun (Bos frontalis) under different feeding regimes

Review on Mycotoxin Issues in Ruminants: Occurrence in Forages, Effects of Mycotoxin Ingestion on Health Status and Animal Performance and Practical Strategies to Counteract Their Negative Effects

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