Effect of <i>Agave americana</i> and <i>Agave salmiana</i> Ripeness on Saponin Content from Aguamiel (Agave Sap)

Leal-Díaz, Ana María; Santos-Zea, Liliana; Martínez-Escobedo, Hilda Cecilia; Guajardo‐Flores, Daniel; Gutiérrez-Uribe, Janet A.; Serna‐Saldívar, Sergio O.

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00883

Cited by 52 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…After fermentation, saponin-rich extracts were obtained using butanol (1:1), as described by Leal-Diaz and colleagues [7]. Butanol was removed under vacuum at 40 • C in a Rocket evaporator (Genevac, Ltd., Ipswich, UK).…”

Section: Saponin-rich Extracts Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methanol (100%) fractions obtained from SPE were analyzed according to the chromatographic conditions described by Leal-Diaz et al [7]. Samples were analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatographic system coupled to a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray source (ESI) (HPLC/ESI-MS/TOF).…”

Section: Metabolomics and Saponins Analysis By Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saponin quantitation was performed using a 1200 Series HPLC coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC/ELSD) (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA), as previously reported [7]. Saponin concentrations were obtained as protodioscin equivalents (PE) using a standard curve from 10 to 500 ppm.…”

Section: Metabolomics and Saponins Analysis By Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentrations were reported as µg PE/mg extract. For saponin characterization, extracted ion chromatograms were analyzed considering the exact masses reported for saponins and sapogenins, as well as their fragmentation patterns (±0.05 units) using the Analyst QS 1.1 software (Applied Biosystems) [6,7,16].…”

Section: Metabolomics and Saponins Analysis By Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saponins have been isolated mainly from Sustainability 2017, 9, 2095 2 of 11 the leaves of the plant [4], but recently they were reported in agave sap concentrate [5,6], and fresh agave sap [7]. These molecules were identified as glycosides of kammogenin, manogenin, gentrogenin, and hecogenin, and are the main source of variability among agave sap concentrates [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics of Agave Sap (Agave salmiana) after Its Inoculation with Microorganisms Isolated from Agave Sap Concentrate Selected to Enhance Anticancer Activity

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Saponins have been correlated with the reduction of cancer cell growth and the apoptotic effect of agave sap concentrate. Empirical observations of this artisanal Mexican food have shown that fermentation occurs after agave sap is concentrated, but little is known about the microorganisms that survive after cooking, or their effects on saponins and other metabolites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in metabolites found in agave (A. salmiana) sap after its fermentation with microorganisms isolated from agave sap concentrate, and demonstrate its potential use to enhance anticancer activity. Microorganisms were isolated by dilution plating and identified by 16S rRNA analysis. Isolates were used to ferment agave sap, and their corresponding butanolic extracts were compared with those that enhanced the cytotoxic activity on colon (Caco-2) and liver (Hep-G2) cancer cells. Metabolite changes were investigated by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Among 69 isolated microorganisms, the actinomycetes Arthrobacter globiformis and Gordonia sp. were used to analyze the metabolites, along with bioactivity changes. From the 939 ions that were mainly responsible for variation among fermented samples at 48 h, 96 h, and 192 h, four were correlated to anticancer activity. It was shown that magueyoside B, a kammogenin glycoside, was found at higher intensities in the samples fermented with Gordonia sp. that reduced Hep-G2 viability better than controls. These findings showed that microorganisms from agave sap concentrate change agave sap metabolites such as saponins. Butanolic extracts obtained after agave sap fermentation with Arthrobacter globiformis or Gordonia sp. increased the cancer cell growth inhibitory effect on colon or liver cancer cells, respectively.

show abstract

Section: Saponin-rich Extracts Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolomics and Saponins Analysis By Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolomics and Saponins Analysis By Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolomics and Saponins Analysis By Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics of Agave Sap (Agave salmiana) after Its Inoculation with Microorganisms Isolated from Agave Sap Concentrate Selected to Enhance Anticancer Activity

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Metagenomic analysis and antimicrobial activity of two fermented milk kefir samples

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, the fermented milk product kefir has been intensively studied because of its health benefits. Here, we evaluated the microbial consortia of two kefir samples, from Escarcega, Campeche, and Campeche (México). We considered a functional comparison between both samples, including fungal and bacterial inhibition; second, we applied shotgun metagenomics to assess the structure and functional diversity of the communities of microorganisms. These two samples exhibited antagonisms against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Bioactive polyketides and nonribosomal peptides were identified by LC‐HRMS analysis. We also observed a high bacterial diversity and an abundance of Actinobacteria in both kefir samples, and a greater abundance of Saccharomyces species in kefir of Escarcega than in the Campeche kefir. When the prophage compositions were evaluated, the Campeche sample showed a higher diversity of prophage sequences. In Escarcega, we observed a prevalence of prophage families that infect Enterobacteria and Lactobacillus. The sequences associated with secondary metabolites, such as plipastatin, fengycin, and bacillaene, and also bacteriocins like helveticin and zoocin, were also found in different proportions, with greater diversity in the Escarcega sample. The analyses described in this work open the opportunity to understand the microbial diversity in kefir samples from two distant localities.

show abstract

Features in the NMR spectra of the aglycones of Agave spp. saponins. HMBC method for aglycone identification (HMAI)

Simonet

Durán

Pérez

et al. 2020

Phytochemical Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction The analysis and detection of steroidal saponins is mainly performed using chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry. However, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a potential tool that can be combined with these techniques to obtain unambiguous structural characterisation. Objective This work provides a review of the carbon‐13 (13C)‐ and proton (1H)‐NMR spectroscopic data of aglycones from Agave saponins reported in the literature and also the development of an easy identification method for these natural products. Methods The database Scifinder was used for spectroscopic data collection in addition to data obtained from the Cadiz Allelopathy research group. The keywords used were Agave, spirostanic, furostanic, and saponin. Results The shielding variations produced by functional groups on the aglycone core and the structural features of the most representative aglycones from Agave species are described. The effects are additive for up to four long‐range connectivities. A method for the identification of aglycones (HMAI) is proposed to classify aglycones from Agave spp. through the use of 1H‐NMR and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) experiments. Conclusions The HMBC spectrum is representative of the structural features of aglycones from Agave spp. The HMBC method for aglycone identification (HMAI) method allowed the identification of pure saponins or mixtures thereof and this method can be used in combination with chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry to provide a more thorough analysis of Agave samples that contain aglycones.

show abstract

Effect of Agave americana and Agave salmiana Ripeness on Saponin Content from Aguamiel (Agave Sap)

Cited by 52 publications

References 42 publications

Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics of Agave Sap (Agave salmiana) after Its Inoculation with Microorganisms Isolated from Agave Sap Concentrate Selected to Enhance Anticancer Activity

Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics of Agave Sap (Agave salmiana) after Its Inoculation with Microorganisms Isolated from Agave Sap Concentrate Selected to Enhance Anticancer Activity

Metagenomic analysis and antimicrobial activity of two fermented milk kefir samples

Features in the NMR spectra of the aglycones of Agave spp. saponins. HMBC method for aglycone identification (HMAI)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About