Effect of Hypovitaminosis D on Lipid Profile in Hypothyroid Patients in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background. Hypothyroidism is believed to be associated with dyslipidemia and is considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Vitamin D, due to its steroid hormone action, retains cell function and controls the metabolism of lipids. Therefore, the present study was carried out to show the association of the risk factors of ASCVD and deficiency of thyroid hormones and vitamin D levels since no previous studies have been performed on Saudi patients before. Methodology. A retrospective cohort study was carried out on 400 hypothyroid patients. Medical records of those patients were followed up and were classified as normal and hypothyroid patients according to their thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. TSH, vitamin D, and lipid profiles were determined using the ELISA technique. Result. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in hypothyroid patients than those in the normal group. We have found a significant correlation between TSH levels and the risk factors of ASCVD (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C). Moreover, a significant correlation between vitamin D levels and the risk factors of ASCVD (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C) has been found. In addition, there is a correlation between deficiency of Vit D and low-TSH levels (95% CI 1.092–4.05) indicating a higher risk for the development of ASCVD among those patients. Conclusion. Hypothyroid and vitamin D-deficient patients must be screened regularly at an early stage to predict and also to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, an adequate supply of vitamin D and TH should be given to those patients to prevent cardiovascular diseases at an early stage.

Exploring the causal factor effects of hypothyroidism on ischemic stroke: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

“…It has been suggested that DNA methylation of genes that regulate lipid concentrations in vivo may affect the evolution of ischemic stroke through fatty acid metabolic pathways and lipid modulation ( 19 , 20 ). Furthermore, hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism may promote increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ( 21 ) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. Such an elevation can exacerbate blood pressure ( 22 ), foster the development of insulin resistance, and ultimately induce obesity ( 22 , 23 ).…”

Update on dyslipidemia in hypothyroidism: the mechanism of dyslipidemia in hypothyroidism

“…Hypothyroidism has a different impact on blood lipid components; generally, it tends to increase levels of TC, especially apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-containing lipoprotein cholesterols, like LDL-C and triglyceride (TG) ( 1 , 10 , 11 ), while its influence on ApoA-containing lipoprotein cholesterol, like HDL-C, is uncertain ( 12 ). However, the ratios of ApoB to ApoA-containing lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-C/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C) were consistently higher in hypothyroidism than the euthyroid ones ( 13 , 14 , 15 ).…”