Effect of Hydrograph Separation on Suspended Sediment Concentration Predictions in a Forested Headwater with Thick Soil and Weathered Gneiss Layers

Kabeya, Naoki; Shimizu, Akira; Zhang, Jianjun; Nobuhiro, Tatsuhiko

doi:10.3390/w6061671

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…At TC, due to the thick cover of a very permeable soil layer and weathered gneiss layer, infiltration was dominant during the rainstorm event (Ohnuki et al, 1999). The groundwater level is deep in the bedrock layer and surface flow will not occur (Kabeya et al, 2011). At HA, due to the influence of the bedrock topography, the soil layer becomes thinner from the middle of the slope down.…”

Section: Study Area and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field measurement of entrapped pore‐air pressure and the effect of rising groundwater level in the soil layer

Iwagami,

Noguchi,

Shimizu

et al. 2024

Hydrological Processes

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Unsaturated soil contains pore air, some of which becomes entrapped in the soil layer during the infiltration process. Such entrapped pore air in the soil layer inhibits infiltration, decreases hydraulic conductivity, and causes erroneous estimates of groundwater response. Experimental studies suggest an effect of compressed entrapped pore air on stream discharge. However, few studies have investigated the behaviour of pore air in the field, and no method for measurement of pore‐air behaviour has been established. We measured pore‐air pressure (Pair) with a simple handmade probe, combined with atmospheric pressure (Patm) and groundwater level. The entrapment and compression of pore air were detected based on the pressure difference (ΔP = Pair – Patm). Observations were conducted for approximately 1 year in two small headwater catchments (TC and HA, which have differences in soil depth and groundwater level dynamics) in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Positive responses of ΔP during some rainfall events were confirmed at both TC and HA. Pore‐air entrapment occurred even during weak rainfall events with rainfall intensity of <10 mm/h. During a typhoon event in October 2019, a maximum ΔP of 3.9 kPa was observed at HA. The pore pressure increase recorded by the tensiometer was mostly explained by the increase in ΔP, which was supported by the soil moisture data. Therefore, we concluded that our handmade measurement system could successfully measure Pair and detect pore‐air entrapment in the field. This showed that Pair is not negligible. Total event rainfall was related to the maximum ΔP. It also showed that the rise in the groundwater level plays a significant role in pressurization of the entrapped pore air. We present the first field data demonstrating the effect of groundwater level rise on the pressurization of entrapped Pair.

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Section: Study Area and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…event (Ohnuki et al, 1999). The groundwater level is deep in the bedrock layer and surface flow will not occur (Kabeya et al, 2011). At HA, due to the influence of the bedrock topography, the soil layer becomes thinner from the middle of the slope down.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field measurement of entrapped pore‐air pressure and the effect of rising groundwater level in the soil layer

Iwagami,

Noguchi,

Shimizu

et al. 2024

Hydrological Processes

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“…Hysteresis effects generate variability in the relationship between river discharge and suspended sediment transfer [6,31,32]. This hysteresis has been an obstacle when the temporal variations of suspended sediment concentration and discharge have been modeled simultaneously, and much research relevant to this topic has been performed [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Sediment Concentration and Water Discharge During Storm Events in Two Catchments, Northeast of Algeria

Khanchoul¹,

Saaidia²,

Altschul³

2018

Earth sci. Malays.

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The relation between concentration and discharge is not normally homogenous during the storm event, often producing hysteretic loops. In this study relations between sediment concentration and water discharge for hydrologic events are studied by analyzing temporal graphs (discharge and concentration versus time) in terms of spread and skewness. The hysteresis types of the discharge and concentration of 170 storm events have been analyzed to identify the relations between hysteretic loops and the associated controlling factors in the Saf Saf and Kebir West basins. Surveys of suspended sediment concentration and water discharge are being carried out at gauging stations. The selected storm events are based on samples having many sediment concentrations at water discharges. Comparing C/Q ratios at a given discharge on the rising and falling limbs of hydrographs is providing a consistent, reliable method for analyzing C-Q relations. Four common classes of such relations are determined such as single-valued line, clockwise loop, counterclockwise loop and figure eight. The plot of points has exhibited a hysteresis loop which is explained by the variability of sediment concentrations during storm events and seasonal effects. The most frequent floods at Saf Saf and Kebir West rivers are clockwise and single-valued line (62% and 59% of floods respectively) that have brought 73% and 81% of the total sediment flux. Intra-annual variability is very high. Over 31-years, the three biggest floods at each Saf Saf and Kebir West rivers have cumulated 97% and 68% of the total sediment flux and are of two classes.

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“…A fourth contribution by Kabeya et al [8] links a storm event over a 48-h. period to sediment production and transport in a forested headwater catchment in Japan. Their correlation is used to identify the source area for sediment, which might be linked potentially with mobilisation of radioactive caesium deposited following the recent Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant incident.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Tracers

Elliot

2014

Water

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Environmental tracers continue to provide an important tool for understanding the source, flow and mixing dynamics of water resource systems through their imprint on the system or their sensitivity to alteration within it. However, 60 years or so after the first isotopic tracer studies were applied to hydrology, the use of isotopes and other environmental tracers are still not routinely necessarily applied in hydrogeological and water resources investigations where appropriate. There is therefore a continuing need to promote their use for developing sustainable management policies for the protection of water resources and the aquatic environment. This Special Issue focuses on the robustness or fitness-for-purpose of the application and use of environmental tracers in addressing problems and opportunities scientifically, to promote their wider use and to address substantive issues of vulnerability, sustainability, and uncertainty in (ground)water resources systems and their management.

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Effect of Hydrograph Separation on Suspended Sediment Concentration Predictions in a Forested Headwater with Thick Soil and Weathered Gneiss Layers

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Field measurement of entrapped pore‐air pressure and the effect of rising groundwater level in the soil layer

Field measurement of entrapped pore‐air pressure and the effect of rising groundwater level in the soil layer

Variation in Sediment Concentration and Water Discharge During Storm Events in Two Catchments, Northeast of Algeria

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