Effect of hydrogen/sapota seed biodiesel as an alternative fuel in a diesel engine using dual-fuel mode

Study of the Role of Alternative Fuels in the Energy Balance of Ukraine and the Countries of the European Union During Armed Aggression and in the Post-War Reconstruction of the Country's Economy and Infrastructure

“…Among the decisions of the first Ukrainian disciplinary conference «Energy from Biomass» (November [23][24][25][26]2002, Institute of Technical Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS of Ukraine) and National Research Center «Biomass»), it was stated that in the near future the following technologies and equipment would be the most promising for use in Ukraine [5]:…”

“…The question of using hydrogen in modern diesel RICE in various aspects [31] and its production for this purpose [36] is an urgent trend, for example, the use of alternative motor fuel based on polyethylene plastic with hydrogen saturation [12], adding hydrogen to the combustible mixture in a traditional diesel motor fuel [13,22,23], with the addition of aromatic hydrocarbons and ethers [14] and products of animal husbandry waste processing and zirconium oxide nanoparticles [15], ethyls with multilayer carbon additives [16], plastic oil waste [34], biodiesel production waste and diesel fuel of degraded quality [24] in the combustible mixture of diesel RICE that uses hydrogen as a secondary fuel, the use of biodiesel fuel in combination with EG recirculation [17], the use of fuel ionization [26]. In addition, active research is being conducted on the use of hydrogen additives and in the combustible mixture of RICE with spark ignition [18], including with the addition of biogas and liquid biofuel [19,21] and bioethanol [32], with charge stratification [20] and with a homogeneous mixture [29], with the adjustment of spark ignition parameters [33] and valves of the gas distribution mechanism [35], with the addition of ammonium [25], working on a mixture of ethanol and hydrogen [27].…”