Effect of hydrogen concentration on vented explosion overpressures from lean hydrogen–air deflagrations

Bauwens, C. Regis; Chao, Jenny; Dorofeev, S.B.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.04.053

Cited by 128 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…These validation experiments include: tests by Kumar in 120 m 3 volume enclosure both with quiescent and initially turbulent mixtures [17,18]; tests performed by FM Global in 64 m 3 enclosure without and with obstacles [16,19]; vented deflagration experiments carried out at INERIS in vented enclosures of 1 m 3 and 10 m 3 [20], early experiments by Pasman and colleagues in enclosure of 1 m 3 [21]. Data of 76 experiments are used to build the novel correlation and parameters of the experiments are given in Table A1 (see Appendix).…”

Section: Experimental Database For Validation Of the Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are recent attempts [16] to calculate a magnitude of each peak of the multi-peak structure. This is a very important yet challenging task both scientifically and for engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a very important yet challenging task both scientifically and for engineering. Unfortunately, not all details of the study [16] are clear enough to be reproduced independently by safety engineers or researchers. The complexity of the problem can be demonstrated by the following experimental results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments with lean hydrogeneair mixtures in vented enclosure of 120 m 3 volume by Kumar [17] demonstrated that though the maximum overpressure for central and near-vent ignition exhibits monotonic growth with hydrogen concentration in air, the maximum overpressure for the far-vent ignition first increases up to 9% hydrogeneair mixtures and then decreases significantly with a minimum at 10.3% and only then monotonically increases again with the concentration increase. It is expected that models like [16] have to explain and reproduce such experimental observations, including fourfold difference in overpressure for near-and far from the vent ignition of 9% hydrogeneair mixture, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen–air deflagrations: Vent sizing correlation for low-strength equipment and buildings

Molkov

Bragin

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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a b s t r a c t This paper aims to improve prediction capability of the vent sizing correlation presented in the form of functional dependence of the dimensionless deflagration overpressure on the turbulent Bradley number similar to our previous studies. The correlation is essentially upgraded based on recent advancements in understanding and modelling of combustion phenomena relevant to hydrogeneair vented deflagrations and unique large-scale tests carried out by different research groups. The focus is on hydrogeneair deflagrations in low-strength equipment and buildings when the reduced pressure is accepted to be below 0.1 MPa. The combustion phenomena accounted for by the correlation include: turbulence generated by the flame front itself; leading point mechanism stemming from the preferential diffusion of hydrogen in air in stretched flames; growth of the fractal area of the turbulent flame surface; initial turbulence in the flammable mixture; as well as effects of enclosure aspect ratio and presence of obstacles. The correlation is validated against the widest range of experimental conditions available to date (76 experimental points). The validation covers a wide range of test conditions: different shape enclosures of volume up to 120 m 3 ; initially quiescent and turbulent hydrogeneair mixtures; hydrogen concentration in air from 6% to 30% by volume; ignition source location at enclosure centre, near and far from a vent; empty enclosures and enclosures with obstacles.

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Section: Experimental Database For Validation Of the Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are recent attempts [16] to calculate a magnitude of each peak of the multi-peak structure. This is a very important yet challenging task both scientifically and for engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hydrogen–air deflagrations: Vent sizing correlation for low-strength equipment and buildings

Molkov

Bragin

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…The University of Ulster presented the first work on the pressure peaking effect in case of a sudden large release of hydrogen in an enclosure, which could be caused by the activation of a thermally activated pressure relief device [24]. FM Global published new experimental results on vented deflagrations at ICHS4 [25]. In 2012, the first results of the French project DIMITRHY were presented by the French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS) for experiments addressing hydrogen-vented explosions for different concentrations along with initial study of the influence of obstacles in the enclosure [26].…”

Section: Developing Knowledge To Improve Guidelines On the Indoor Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing the hydrogen safety knowledge base

Weiner

2014

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Computational fluid dynamics a b s t r a c t The International Energy Agency's Hydrogen Implementing Agreement (IEA HIA) was established in 1977 to pursue collaborative hydrogen research and development and information exchange among its member countries. Information and knowledge dissemination is a key aspect of the work within IEA HIA tasks, and case studies, technical reports and presentations/publications often result from the collaborative efforts. The work conducted in hydrogen safety under Task 31 and its predecessor, Task 19, can positively impact the objectives of national programs even in cases for which a specific task report is not published. The interactions within Task 31 illustrate how technology information and knowledge exchange among participating hydrogen safety experts serve the objectives intended by the IEA HIA.

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Ventdef: A new engineering model for vented gas deflagration based on NFPA 68 (2018)

Shen¹,

Miller

2022

Process Safety Progress

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Hydrogen production and storage equipment are often located inside confined enclosures such as containers or buildings. Deflagration vent panels are one of the most common and simplest methods to mitigate the consequences of gas deflagrations in confined systems. There are well-established methods for sizing vent panels, such as the National Fire Protection Association standard NFPA 68, but these are often challenging to apply to hydrogen (a highly reactive gas) if the conservative worst stoichiometric fuel/air concentration is used. This paper presents a new engineering model, Ventdef, based on NFPA 68 (2018) and applied section 7.2.3.2 in NFPA 68 (2018) for the calculations of S u and P max using actual gas concentrations.In addition, Ventdef also predicts overpressure external to the deflagration vent and has a new, less conservative method for predicting the size of the external fireball.The model is validated against a series of recent full-scale hydrogen confined volume deflagration tests performed under the EU-funded project "Improving hydrogen safety for energy applications through pre-normative research on vented deflagrations" (HySEA). Since the modifications to NFPA 68 are based on combustion fundamentals, the approach should be equally applicable to other flammable gases.

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Effect of hydrogen concentration on vented explosion overpressures from lean hydrogen–air deflagrations

Cited by 128 publications

References 11 publications

Hydrogen–air deflagrations: Vent sizing correlation for low-strength equipment and buildings

Hydrogen–air deflagrations: Vent sizing correlation for low-strength equipment and buildings

Advancing the hydrogen safety knowledge base

Ventdef: A new engineering model for vented gas deflagration based on NFPA 68 (2018)

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