Effect of hydraulic and mechanical stresses on cyclic deformation processes of a structured and homogenized silty Luvic Chernozem

Mordhorst, Anneka; Zimmermann, Iris; Peth, Stephan; Horn, Rainer

doi:10.1016/j.still.2012.06.008

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…We assume that this change is not due to the intensity of land use, it is owing to the different intensity of wetting and drying cycles as affected by the three land uses. This agrees with studies conducted by Mordhorst et al (2012), they indicated that not only the combination of hydraulic and mechanical stresses but also the aggregation level influenced the soil deformation by drying (as assessed by COLE). The latter also agrees with the findings of Dörner et al (2012), which assessed that after tillage and due to aggregate destruction the COLE increased, which is also related to a decrease in the soil mechanical stability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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2013

agrosur

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Andisols cover approximately 50-60% of the arable land in The high porosity of volcanic soils changes continuously due to mechanical and hydraulic stresses, which can lead to an increase of drought vulnerability in crops, even though precipitation exceeds 2,000 mm annually. The aim of this work was to describe the shrinkage behaviour of volcanic soils as function of land use and aggregate scale. To describe the effect of different land uses (Native Forest, 1 and 50 years old grassland) on the shrinkage behaviour of an Andisol at different scales, undisturbed soil samples (230 cm 3 ) and aggregates (between 2 and 20 cm 3 ) were collected at 5, 20 and 40 cm depth. The weight and deformation of aggregates and undisturbed soil samples were registered at different water contents. The aggregate shrinkage was measured using the Saran resin technique. The coefficients of linear extensibility (COLE) and pore shrinkage index (PSI) were used to characterize the shrinkage behaviour. The intensification of the land use induced a decrease in the total porosity (TP) and total PSI measured at 5 cm depth: TP by 7% and PSI by 38% from NF to P50. This soil deformation occurred not only due to soil compaction but also as consequence of an intense drying. When land use changes from native forest to pasture, soils dry out more intensively, leading to smaller shrinkage properties, e.g. COLE decreased as a result of the increasing bulk density, which is also related to the amount of allophane. The smaller aggregates presented higher bulk densities than soil cores. Finally, significant scaling relationships were not observed for initial soil volume and COLE, therefore, further conceptual and experimental development are required to understand these scaling effects. RESUMENLos Andisoles cubren aproximadamente el 50-60% de los suelos arables en Chile. La alta porosidad de los suelos volcánicos cambia continuamente, debido a estreses mecánicos e hidráulicos, que pueden conducir a un aumento de la vulnerabilidad a la sequía en cultivos, a pesar de que la precipitación excede 2.000 mm anuales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el comportamiento de contracción de los suelos volcánicos en función del uso del suelo y de la escala de muestreo. Para describir el efecto de los diferentes usos de suelo (bosque nativo, praderas de 1 y 50 años) sobre el comportamiento de contracción de un Andisol a diferentes escalas, se recolectaron muestras de suelo no disturbadas (230 cm 3 ) y agregados (entre 2 y 20 cm 3 ) a profundidades de 5, 20 y 40 cm. La masa y la deformación de los agregados y las muestras de suelo se registraron a diferentes contenidos de agua. La contracción de los agregados se midió usando la técnica de resina Saran. Para caracterizar la contracción se determinó el coeficiente de extensibilidad lineal (COLE) y el índice de contracción de los poros (PSI). La intensificación del uso del suelo induce una disminución de la porosidad total (TP) y del PSI registrado a 5 cm de profundidad: TP en un 7% y PSI en un 38% de NF a P50. Esta de...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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2013

agrosur

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“…Although reducing precompression stress means greater susceptibility to compression due to lower soil load bearing capacity (Vogelmann et al, 2012b), this reduction may however translate into better soil environment for root growth (Horn et al, 1995;Rosa et al, 2008) and soil aeration (Mordhorst et al, 2012). Concerning the final stage of lowest free entropy, we define such stage as near steady-state as the "loosening" and improvement of soil ecological properties and functions can still be optimized both with respect to soil strength and soil functions.…”

Section: Intensity Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual framework for capacity and intensity physical soil properties affected by short and long-term (14 years) continuous no-tillage and controlled traffic

Reichert

Rosa

Vogelmann

et al. 2016

Soil and Tillage Research

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146

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Recent studies have shown harmful effects of soil compaction in no-tillage system (NTS), but there are indications that soil structure improves with time of NTS adoption. We formulated the hypothesis that topsoils of NTS initially have worse soil physical conditions than those under conventional systems, but these conditions gradually improve with time also down to deeper depth, even when the soil is wheeled by farm machinery. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a long-term no-tillage system and machine traffic on soil mechanical and hydraulic properties. The treatments and soil conditions consisted of five periods since the last conventional tillage (or age of NTS) in a Hapludox: 0.2, 1.5, 3.5, 5 and 14 years, with and without traffic; named recent tillage, and initial, intermediate, transition and stabilized NTS phases. Soil samples were collected from soil layers 0-7, 7-14 and 14-21 cm depth to determine soil porosity, precompression stress, compressibility coefficient, saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability, water retention curve, bulk density and organic carbon. Conventional tillage of soil previously under notillage significantly affected soil capacity properties, resulting in high macroporosity and deformation susceptibility, low bulk density and precompression stress. Intensity properties were affected initially by an increased soil pore obstruction, negatively affecting air permeability and saturated hydraulic conductivity, from 0 to 21 cm soil depth. However, after five years of no-tillage there was an increase in microporosity and, although small, in soil organic carbon, especially in the 0-7 cm soil layer; thus, soil water retention and soil intensity properties (like soil water and air permeability) were also improved, regardless of farm machinery traffic. Over time, soil reconsolidation occurred, which resulted in reduction of the compressibility coefficient and degree of compactness, mainly in the upper layers (0-7 and 7-14 cm). However, in the deepest layer with the least disturbance, the degree-of-compactness and bulk density increased. The evolution of physical properties and processes (from recent tillage to stabilized NTS phase) for no-tilled soil is proposed for controlled and uncontrolled traffic systems as a framework based on field data for capacity and intensity soil properties. The process of creating aggregates is represented, at first, by an increased number of contact points before they are re-loosened and strengthened at the same time by a rearrangement of particles, reducing aggregate bulk density but increasing soil strength at the same time. The framework is divided into 4 phases: initial (1.5 years), intermediary (3.5 years), transitional (5 years), and stabilized (14 years) conditions. 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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“…The use of chernozems in agricultural production leads to an increase in the share of aggregates over 10 mm, a decrease in the granular and dusty fractions, and a decrease in the water resistance of structural elements (Akhtyrtsev and Lepilin, 1983;Berezin et al, 1983;Voronin et al, 1986;Rode, 1984;Mordhorst et al, 2012). These negative changes progressively increase with the use of chernozems in irrigated agriculture (Akhtyrtsev and Lepilin, 1979;Bondarev, 1982;Scherbakov et al, 1988).…”

Section: Note Decrease (-) or Increase (+) In Silt Is Expressed In Relative Percentages Of Its Content In The Rockmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of the Chernozems in the Central Part of Russia and their Complex Analysis in Modern Conditions

Shcheglov¹

2021

revistageintec

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An increasing anthropogenic impact on soils leads to qualitative and quantitative changes in chernozems, the richest soils on Earth. In this regard, the understanding of modern soil-forming processes is undoubtedly relevant because it will allow predicting the future state of not only soils, but also nature as a whole. The methodology for studying the evolution of chernozems is based on a process-factor analysis of genetically conjugated and agrogenic series of chernozems of different taxonomic levels. The objects of the study were system complexes of soil series, including subtypes of virgin, arable, and irrigated chernozems in the central regions of Russia. The data obtained made it possible to identify patterns of variation in the composition and properties of virgin chernozems in a genetically conjugated series at a subtype level and in the series virgin land – arable land – irrigated arable land; we also detected the processes and factors that determine the nature and direction of changes in the composition and properties of chernozems in the studied series and determined the direction of anthropogenic evolution of chernozems. The main provisions of the work conceptually develop the theory of the chernozem-forming process and serve as a theoretical basis for the development of models for the formation of the chernozem profile. Established quantitative and qualitative indicators of humus profiles of chernozems are important diagnostic features in the classification of these soils. The nature and direction of the chernozem evolution disclosed in the work can serve as the basis for long-term forecasting of the state of these soils and the development of a set of measures for their rational use and protection.’’

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Effect of hydraulic and mechanical stresses on cyclic deformation processes of a structured and homogenized silty Luvic Chernozem

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

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Conceptual framework for capacity and intensity physical soil properties affected by short and long-term (14 years) continuous no-tillage and controlled traffic

The Evolution of the Chernozems in the Central Part of Russia and their Complex Analysis in Modern Conditions

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