Effect of humidity on cuticular water permeability of isolated cuticular membranes and leaf disks

Schreiber, Lukas; Skrabs, M.; Kd, Hartmann; P, Diamantopoulos; Simanova, E; Šantrůček, Jiří

doi:10.1007/s004250100615

Cited by 111 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Total water loss through an inert membrane would thus vary in response to changes in the environmental humidity, with the risk of massive water loss in dry conditions. This phenomenon is typically observed in the plant cuticular film that coats the leaves (1,4), as displayed in Fig. 1.…”

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confidence: 79%

Controlling water evaporation through self-assembly

Roger

Liebi

Heimdal

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Water evaporation concerns all land-living organisms, as ambient air is dryer than their corresponding equilibrium humidity. Contrarily to plants, mammals are covered with a skin that not only hinders evaporation but also maintains its rate at a nearly constant value, independently of air humidity. Here, we show that simple amphiphiles/water systems reproduce this behavior, which suggests a common underlying mechanism originating from responding self-assembly structures. The composition and structure gradients arising from the evaporation process were characterized using optical microscopy, infrared microscopy, and smallangle X-ray scattering. We observed a thin and dry outer phase that responds to changes in air humidity by increasing its thickness as the air becomes dryer, which decreases its permeability to water, thus counterbalancing the increase in the evaporation driving force. This thin and dry outer phase therefore shields the systems from humidity variations. Such a feedback loop achieves a homeostatic regulation of water evaporation.T he evaporation of water from an aqueous medium to a dry gas phase is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature. Evaporation can occur freely, as from oceans into the air, or be hindered by membranes or barrier films. Land-living organisms face the challenge of adjusting to the relative humidity (RH) of ambient air, which varies from a few percent to saturation at 100%, whereas the living-cell water chemical potential corresponds to a RH of above 99%. This difference drives water transport from the cells to the ambient air, exposing life to a drying-out threat. Different strategies have emerged to counter this threat. Plant leaves are covered with a waxy cuticle layer composed of polymers and associated lipids (1), whereas animals like mammals are protected by a skin composed of dead cells embedded in a lipid matrix (2), and a lipid film on the tear liquid of their eyes (3). Water transport across an inert diffusional barrier is proportional to the difference in water chemical potential between the inside and the outside. Total water loss through an inert membrane would thus vary in response to changes in the environmental humidity, with the risk of massive water loss in dry conditions. This phenomenon is typically observed in the plant cuticular film that coats the leaves (1, 4), as displayed in Fig. 1. On the contrary, several studies show that, for healthy human stratum corneum, the outermost layer of skin, the evaporation rate increases with lowering RH at high humidities, whereas it is virtually constant and independent of the outside humidity for RH < 85% (5-7) (Fig. 1). The stratum corneum is a thin and dry layer composed of dead keratin-filled cells embedded in a lipid multilamellar matrix, which realizes the barrier function of the skin (2). This membrane responds to drier conditions by decreasing its water permeability and can thus not be described as an inert barrier membrane. Sparr and Wennerström (8) previously pointed out a mechanism for this responsive behavior of ...

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confidence: 79%

Controlling water evaporation through self-assembly

Roger

Liebi

Heimdal

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This increase in water loss during storage may be due to the artificially higher humidity environment of fruit bagged with plastic, which may therefore influence structure and/or composition of the cuticle and/or lenticels. Schreiber et al (2001) demonstrated that non-esterified, free carboxyl groups present in the cutin polymer matrix contributed to the effect of humidity on cuticular water permeability. This humidity-sensitive polar path of cuticular water permeability is arranged in parallel with the humidityindependent non-polar path formed by lipophilic wax components of the cuticle.…”

Section: Postharvest Behaviour In Rela-tion To Preharvest Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of preharvest factors influencing mango fruit growth, quality and postharvest behaviour

Léchaudel

Joas

2007

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

101

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Mango, a tropical fruit of great economic importance, is generally harvested green and then commercialised after a period of storage. Unfortunately, the final quality of mango batches is highly heterogeneous, in fruit size as well as in gustatory quality and postharvest behaviour. A large amount of knowledge has been gathered on the effects of the maturity stage at harvest and postharvest conditions on the final quality of mango. Considerably less attention has been paid to the influence of environmental factors on mango growth, quality traits, and postharvest behaviour. In this paper, we provide a review of studies on mango showing how environmental factors influence the accumulation of water, structural and non-structural dry matter in the fruit during its development. These changes are discussed with respect to the evolution of quality attributes on the tree and after harvest. The preharvest factors presented here are light, temperature, carbon and water availabilities, which can be controlled by various cultural practices such as tree pruning, fruit thinning and irrigation management. We also discuss recent advances in modelling mango function on the tree according to environmental conditions that, combined with experimental studies, can improve our understanding of how these preharvest conditions affect mango growth and quality. Key words: environmental conditions, fruit load, irrigation, shelf life, size, taste Uma revisão dos fatores pré-colheita que influenciam o crescimento, qualidade e comportamento pós-colheita de frutos de manga: Manga, um fruto tropical de grande importância, é geralmente colhido verde e comercializado após um período de armazenamento. Infelizmente, a qualidade final da manga na prateleira é altamente heterogênea, em termos de tamanho do fruto, qualidade do paladar e comportamento pós-colheita. Tem-se obtido uma quantidade expressiva de informações sobre os efeitos do estádio de maturação e condições pós-colheita sobre a qualidade final da manga. Contudo, tem-se dado atenção consideravelmente menor à influência dos fatores ambientes sobre o crescimento da manga, características de qualidade e comportamento pós-colheita. Neste artigo, faz-se uma revisão dos estudos sobre manga, evidenciando-se como fatores ambientes afetam o acúmulo de água e de matéria seca estrutural e não-estrutural nos frutos durante o seu desenvolvimento. Discutem-se essas alterações com relação à evolução de atributos de qualidade dos frutos ainda nas plantas e após a colheita. Os fatores de pré-colheita abordados são luz, temperatura, disponibilidades de água e de carbono, raleio de frutos e manejo da irrigação. Discutem-se também recentes avanços sobre modelagem associada à função do fruto na planta, conforme as condições ambientes que, combinados com estudos experimentais, pode melhorar a nossa compreensão sobre como as condições de pré-colheita afetam o crescimento e a qualidade da manga. Palavras-chave: carga de frutos, condições ambientes, irrigação, paladar, vida de prateleira 288 Braz.

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“…Nevertheless, individual leaves differed both in the amounts of colonization that they supported and in A. pullulans population dynamics on microsites. This may be due to differences in cuticle erosion, which could alter topography, surface wettability, and exudation of nutrients (2,18,24), or in other inherent properties. Leaf position could also influence exposure to abiotic factors (such as UV radiation), deposition of exogenous nutrients, or photosynthesis.…”

Section: Spatial Variation In Colonization Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field, microbes on the phylloplane are exposed to fluctuations in sunlight, moisture, temperature, and wind (9,12). The cuticle erodes, which can alter leaf topography, the wettability of the surface, exudation of nutrients, and retention of microbes (5,18,24). The microbial species composition also changes over time, and some inhabitants may influence other colonists by producing inhibitory compounds (2,13,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of Microbial Immigration in the Colonization of Apple Leaves by Aureobasidium pullulans

McGrath

Andrews

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The role of microbial immigration in the veinal colonization pattern of Aureobasidium pullulans on the adaxial surface of apple leaves was investigated in two experiments at two periods (early and late seasons) in 2004 by applying green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged blastospores to the foliage of orchard trees. Individual leaves were resampled by a semidestructive method immediately after inoculation (t 0 ) and about 1 (t 1 ), 2 (t 2 ), and 3 (t 3 ) weeks later. At t 0 , there were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in densities (cells/mm 2 ) on veinal (excluding midvein) sites and those on interveinal sites, but at all points thereafter, densities were significantly higher on veins. GFP-tagged A. pullulans cells remained primarily as singletons on interveinal regions (>90% at all points), while >20% of cells over veins at t 3 were in colonies of >4 cells. The colonies that developed from single cells placed on midveins and other veins were significantly larger than those that developed on interveinal regions of detached field and seedling leaves incubated under controlled conditions. Colonies primarily developed linearly along veins, reaching average colony sizes (72 h

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Effect of humidity on cuticular water permeability of isolated cuticular membranes and leaf disks

Cited by 111 publications

References 34 publications

Controlling water evaporation through self-assembly

Controlling water evaporation through self-assembly

An overview of preharvest factors influencing mango fruit growth, quality and postharvest behaviour

Role of Microbial Immigration in the Colonization of Apple Leaves by Aureobasidium pullulans

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