Effect of humic acid on the growth and yield of two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars on andisol

Abstract

One way to improve maize (Zea mays L.) production is through land extension using Andisol land. However, andisol soil has phosphate (P) fixation problem due to the high amorphous material. Hence, the use of organic material in the form of humic acid that has greater affinity to amorphous minerals is recommended to solve the problem. This research was conducted in February-May 2017 at Tri Dharma field of Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University. The Andisol land used has a low available P category from Datar, West Java and Wonosobo, Central Java. This research was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was maize cultivar (Bisi-2 and Pioneer-35). The second factor was the doses of humic acid, consisting of control treatment (without fertilizer and humic acid), NPK without humic acid, and NPK + humic acid at 5%, 10%, and 15%. The percentage of humic acid given, based on the amount of NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer, was 350 kg ha-1. Fertilization was applied 3 times 100 kg ha-1 on 1 WAP, 150 kg ha-1 at 3 WAP and 100 kg ha-1 at 7 WAP. The results is, humic acid treatment had the same effect with NPK fertilization treatment only and control on P available Andisol soil. Humic acid, also has the same effect with NPK fertilizer treatment in increasing the yield component of 100 seeds weight, dry weight of seeds, harvest index, length of cobs and productivity.

Humic acid enriched with urea and NPK factory by-products promoted the growth and yield of Saccharum officinarum L.

“…That is due to the occurrence of root development, resulting in the improvement of water efficiency and nutrient uptake. However, Prakoso et al (2020) reported that on andisol soils, the application of 5%−15% humic acid to NPK fertilizer 16:16:16 (350 Kg ha⁻¹) had the same effect as the NPK treatment without humic acid on increasing the productivity of maize, including weight of 100 seed, dry seed weight, harvest index, and length of cobs.…”

“…The availability of organic matter in the soil is an essential factor that directly affects soil texture and fertility. Prakoso et al (2020) stated that applying organic materials with a high affinity for amorphous minerals, such as humic acid, was excellent for cultivation on andisol soils.…”

“…Humic substances were reported to improve photosynthesis and water use efficiency, protein content, and total dissolved sugars, which align with the synergistic effects of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Several studies demonstrated the effect of humic acid application in increasing maize growth performance, mineral uptake, and availability of phosphorus nutrients in various soil characteristics such as saline soil (Daur and Bakhashwain, 2013), acid soil (Wulandari et al, 2019), and andisol soil (Prakoso et al, 2020). Application of humic substances and humic acid in combination with urea through the foliar spray technique was reported to increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) up to 30 days after application (DAA) significantly, namely 23.53% and 82.35%, respectively, compared to the control.…”

Improvement of soybean yields using amendments on dryland soils of Aceh Besar, Indonesia

“…SP-36 fertilizer, which contains P and Ca, has been proven to be able to supply P nutrients to the soil, but as an amendment, this SP-36 fertilizer has not been widely studied. The good effect of SP-36 on soybean growth and yield indicates that this material can be used as a soil enhancer [9]. In variable charge soil systems such as Andisols, Inceptisols, Oxisols, and Ultisols, this phosphate can act as a material that is able to reduce the point of zero charges (ZPC) of the soil because it can neutralize positive charge soil colloids so that the ZPC value will decrease and the soil negative charge and CEC will increase [11] [17].…”

Efek Aplikasi Jarak Tanam dan Cara Pemupukan Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai

“…Selain jarak tanam, tanaman kedelai juga membutuhkan tambahan unsur hara untuk pertumbuhan yang maksimal yang bisa di dapatkan melalui tanah maupun melalui daun, untuk membantu penyerapan unsur hara untuk proses fotosintesis 129 (Lingga and Marsono, 2001).Selain itu penambahan pupuk memiliki target untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu tanaman. Ketersediaan unsur hara yang lengkap dan berimbang yang dapat diserap oleh tanaman merupakan faktor yang menentukan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman (Prakoso, Sulistyaningsih and Purwanto, 2020).…”