Effect of human milk and colostrum on<i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>

Akısü, Çiler; Aksoy, Ümit; Çetin, Hasan; Üstün, Şebnem; Akısü, Mete

doi:10.3748/wjg.v10.i5.741

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, these milk donors may have been carrying Entamoeba dispar, the non-pathogenic amoeba, and sIgA antibodies might recognize some antigens shared by E. histolytica and E. dispar. Akisu et al 15 had similar results with milk from healthy lactating mothers. Undoubtedly, the presence of induced sIgA antibodies against E. histolytica in milk is important for protection of babies.…”

Section: Amoebicidal Effect Of Human Milk Is Due To the Protein Fractsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…55 Although the biological activity of these compounds has been previously demonstrated for viruses, bacteria and yeasts, there is little known about the molecular basis of their killing activities. 6,9,15 In the case of apo-lactoferrin, it has potential as a new therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease. 56 It is important to say that apo-lactoferrin affects pathogens such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and E. coli without inhibiting the growth of bifidobacteria.…”

Section: Amoebicidal Effect Of Human Milk Is Due To the Protein Fractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacity of human milk to kill amoebas 6,15 and the amoebicidal action of secretory immunoglobulin type A (sIgA) 16 have been reported. However, it is unknown which other components of milk are amoebicides.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Amoebicidal Activity of Milk, Apo-lactoferrin, sIgA and Lysozyme

León-Sicairos¹,

López-Soto²,

Reyes-López³

et al. 2006

Clinical Medicine & Research

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Entamoeba histolytica is a pathogenic, parasitic protozoan that can infect the large intestine and cause amoebiasis, an illness responsible for at least 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. The capacity of human milk to kill amoebas 6,15 and the amoebicidal action of secretory immunoglobulin type A (sIgA) 16 have been reported. However, it is unknown which other components of milk are amoebicides. As milk contains several microbicidal components, we fractionated milk and tested each fraction against trophozoites in axenic cultures to describe any amoebicidal effects of other components of human and bovine milk such as lactoferrin, lysozyme and sIgA. We also sought to identify any combined effect among these molecules. Objectives: To identify amoebicidal components in human milk and the effect of iron on the amoebicidal activity. Original ResearchDesign: Investigation in axenic cultures of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.Methods: Amoebas were treated with 5%-20% of human, bovine and swine milk, with 10% of human milk fractions (i.e., casein, proteins except casein and fat) or with 1 mg/ml of human milk apo-lactoferrin, human secretory immunoglobulin type A (sIgA) and chicken egg-white lysozyme (i.e., purified proteins). Milk proteins were detected using immunoblot. Confocal microscopy was used to define the interaction of milk proteins (100 µM each) and amoebas. Experiments were done at least three times in triplicate, and mean and standard deviations were calculated.Results: Human and bovine milk were amoebicidal showing a concentration-dependent effect. The amoebicidal effect was increased in the absence of iron. Milk protein fractions, with the exception of casein, were the components responsible for the amoebicidal activity found. Apo-lactoferrin, sIgA and lysozyme were identified in the amoebicidal milk protein fraction. Apo-lactoferrin showed the major amoebicidal effect. These proteins, either alone or in combination, showed a killing effect on the trophozoites.They bound to the amoebic membrane causing cell rounding, lipid disruption and damage. Conclusions:Milk proteins such as apo-lactoferrin, sIgA and lysozyme are able to kill Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.This study confirms the importance of feeding breast milk to newborns.

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Section: Amoebicidal Effect Of Human Milk Is Due To the Protein Fractsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Amoebicidal Effect Of Human Milk Is Due To the Protein Fractmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amoebicidal Activity of Milk, Apo-lactoferrin, sIgA and Lysozyme

León-Sicairos¹,

López-Soto²,

Reyes-López³

et al. 2006

Clinical Medicine & Research

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“…Although colostrum and mature human milk have a lethal effect on Ent. histolytica in vitro (Akisu et al, 2004), they appear to have little if any effect on the incidence of Ent. histolytica colitis in children (Ilikkan et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Importance of the detection of amoebic antigens in stool samples for the diagnosis ofEntamoeba histolyticainfection, among children in southern Turkey

Koltas¹,

Demırhındı²,

Hazar³

et al. 2007

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

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Entamoeba histolytica is the predominant causative agent of human amoebiasis, a significant and common diarrhoeal disease among children of developing countries. Diagnosis of this illness by the microscopical detection of the parasites in stool samples is insensitive and often incapable of differentiating the pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica from the commensal parasite E. dispar. In this study, the results of testing stool samples in an ELISA, based on a monoclonal antibody, that detects E. histolytica-specific galactose adhesin were compared against the results of the microscopical examination of the same samples. The samples investigated came from 131 children (aged<15 years) with diarrhoea, who lived in the provinces of Adana and Mersin, in southern Turkey. Overall 22 cases of E. histolytica infection, including eight that appeared negative by microscopy, were detected using the ELISA. The 16 patients considered positive for E. histolytica/E. dispar by microscopy included two who were ELISA-negative. With the ELISA results used as the 'gold standard', and assuming that all the E. histolytica/E. dispar cysts seen by microscopy were E. histolytica, microscopy had a specificity of 98.2%, a positive predictive value of 87.5% and a negative predictive value of 93.1% but a sensitivity of only 63.6%. Compared with microscopy, culture and PCR-based assays, the antigen-detection ELISA appears to be easier, faster and probably more cost-effective, with high sensitivity, specificity and predictive values.

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“…In addition to the studies in vitro, human breast milk and saliva secretions have been well documented to possess antiamoebic activity and, in addition to the sIgA antibodies, Lf could be one of the active molecules in IA [92][93][94][95]. Around 35 years ago, it was suggested that Lf present in milk could be involved in protecting against IA in some population groups.…”

Section: Effect Of Lactoferrin On a Murine Intestinal-amoebiasis Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactoferrin in the Battle against Intestinal Parasites: A Review

León-Sicairos¹,

Ordaz-Pichardo²,

Carrero³

et al. 2017

Natural Remedies in the Fight Against Parasites

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Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein of the innate immune system, which is present in some mammalian fluids and secreted into the mucosae; it is also produced by the secondary granules of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils and secreted at infection sites. Lactoferricins (Lfcins) are peptides derived from the N-terminus of Lf. Lf avoids the iron availability to parasites in the body fluids due to its high avidity for iron, maintaining together with transferrin the free-iron concentration in about 10 −18 M, which is too low to support the pathogenic invader survival. Intestinal parasitic diseases affect people worldwide, mainly in developing countries with poor hygienic conditions; for example, parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, and Cryptosporidium parvum infect the human intestine when are orally ingested as cysts. Human and bovine Lf have been found parasiticidal in experiments in vitro and in animal models. Interestingly, Lf synergizes with metronidazole, the main drug used against E. histolytica and G. intestinalis. The aim of this chapter is to show the benefits of using Lf and Lfcins against intestinal parasitic diseases.

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Effect of human milk and colostrum onEntamoeba histolytica

Abstract: Colostrum and mature human milk have significant lethal effect on E. histolytica and protect against its infection in breast fed children.

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Amoebicidal Activity of Milk, Apo-lactoferrin, sIgA and Lysozyme

Amoebicidal Activity of Milk, Apo-lactoferrin, sIgA and Lysozyme

Importance of the detection of amoebic antigens in stool samples for the diagnosis ofEntamoeba histolyticainfection, among children in southern Turkey

Lactoferrin in the Battle against Intestinal Parasites: A Review

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