Effect of Human Body Temperature on New Multilayer Composite Shield in Pacemaker

Abstract

This paper presents a novel method for evaluating the effect of human body temperature on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) of pacemaker. There are many sources of electromagnetic interference that interact with pacemakers: Cell phones may be considered responsible for electromagnetic interference EMI when they were held in the same part with the pacemaker; also, the magnetic resonance imaging makes a serious problem and must be avoided. In this paper, a new multilayer composite was prepared and built from alternating layers, the composite is reinforced by Titanium fibres and the dielectric layers made from the Silicon material, the dielectric layers are sandwiched between composites with Ti fibres symmetrically. Ti is the most widely used metal for pacemakers due to its high biocompatibility with the human body. Silicon has the advantages for being resistant material of temperature, lightweight, and its flexibility (bendable structure). The obtained simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed shield in the temperature range 37-41 °C , this is mainly due to the multi-reflection mechanism between the layers due to the high mismatched impedances.

Enhanced of Electrical Properties and Shielding Efficiency of Hybrid Composite with Temperature

“…Nowadays, the electromagnetic shielding materials is a very important field and became a main stream of research all over the world in many application such as health care, electronics and industrial to protect them from the external radiations [1][2]. It radically solves the problem by removing the electromagnetic interference EMI.…”

Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness improvement with high temperature in far‐field behavior multiwall carbon nanotube/iron (III) particles addition in composites

“…Figure 1 displays the mechanism of EMI shielding from a conductive composite slab. Generally, the attenuation of external EMW can be divided in three mechanisms including the reflection, absorption mechanism of energy inside the shield, [10] and multiple internal reflections of waves. [ 11–14 ]…”

“…Figure 1 displays the mechanism of EMI shielding from a conductive composite slab. Generally, the attenuation of external EMW can be divided in three mechanisms including the reflection, absorption mechanism of energy inside the shield, [10] and multiple internal reflections of waves. [11][12][13][14] In many studies, the EMI shielding characteristic of conducting composites [15] were estimated in far-field region, SE of electric field (SE E ) will be equal to SE of magnetic field (SE M ).…”

Impact of Temperature Variation on the Electromagnetic Shielding Behavior of Multilayer Shield for EMC Applications

“…All electronic tools that distribute or transmit electrical energy create electromagnetic waves, which have harmful impacts on human health, surrounding environment, and device performance [1]. The electromagnetic wave created by them gradually interfere with each other, as well are called the electromagnetic interference (EMI) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In fact, the composite material that designed for the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) applications contain conductive fibres (High electrical conductivity σ>>0) embedded in a dielectric medium (electrical conductivity σ=0) [3,4].…”