Effect of hot rolling history and cooling rate on the phase transformation of plain carbon steel

Schindler, Ivo; Rusz, Stanislav; Opěla, Petr; Rusz, Jakub; Solowski, Zdeněk; Čmiel, Karel Milan

doi:10.4149/km_2017_4_229

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It was not only a favourite dilatometry test (see e.g. [9,[24][25][26][27]), but also laboratory rolling tests [4], or experiments using intermittent compression [28] or torsion deformation [25,29,30]. Non--isothermal tests can then even determine an important non-recrystallization temperature simultaneously with phase transformation temperatures in the course of cooling [29].…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of steels in the austenitic region, it is advisable to finish rolling at a tempera-*Corresponding author: e-mail address: ivo.schindler@vsb.cz ture just above A r3 , since the last deformation at too high temperature can lead to the undesirable growth of the recrystallized grains even before the austenite decomposition begins. Therefore, it is important to provide the most accurate prediction of the A r3 temperature, which, apart from the chemical composition of the steel, is also influenced by the cooling rate, previous deformation and austenitic grain size [4,5]. All additive elements in steel, except silicon, cobalt, and aluminum, increase the stability of austenite and reduce the transformation temperatures A r3 and A r1 ( • C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The combined effect of chemical composition and cooling rate on transformation temperatures of hypoeutectoid steels

Schindler¹,

Nemec²,

Kawulok³

et al. 2018

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The transformation temperatures Ar3 and Ar1 of four unalloyed hypoeutectoid steels with a carbon content of 0.029-0.73 % were determined using dilatometric tests. Unusually high cooling rates of 2 and 8• C s −1 were used intentionally, corresponding to the conditions in the wire rod rolling mills. The developed regression models are phenomenological and allow a simple prediction of transformation temperatures, depending only on the cooling rate and the chemical composition of the steel represented by the carbon equivalent (in the case of Ar1), respectively by the Ac3 temperature (for Ar3). When calculating the Ac3 temperature, it was worth considering its non-linear dependence on carbon content. It has been verified that the derived equations are applicable even at relatively low cooling rates when the austenite decomposes exclusively on ferrite and pearlite.K e y w o r d s : hypoeutectoid steel, carbon equivalent, dilatometer test, cooling rate, decomposition of austenite, transformation temperature

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Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combined effect of chemical composition and cooling rate on transformation temperatures of hypoeutectoid steels

Schindler¹,

Nemec²,

Kawulok³

et al. 2018

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“…In the past decade, several research works have been devoted to modeling phase transformation during water-quenching, focusing on calculating Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) diagrams, microstructures, and hardness uniformity [15]. Time Temperature Transformation (TTT) or CCT diagrams are important tools to predict microstructure evolution during quenching by allowing the identification of phase boundaries of ferrite, pearlite, bainite, and martensite as a function of cooling rate [16]. However, it is still insufficient to determine the phases and mechanical properties of the specimen according to its geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evaluation and FE simulation of phase transformations and tensile stresses in hot forging and controlled cooling

Hocalar¹,

Saklakoğlu²,

Demirok³

2022

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This paper encompasses the development of a microstructure-based numerical model (FEM) of the conveyor cooling process after the hot forging of industrial steel with accurate predictions of the volume fraction of phases as yield and tensile strengths. An experimental procedure for validating the FEM was conducted using optical and scanning electron microscopy and tensile tests. Results showed very good agreement between the phase predictions of the 3D FEM model and those obtained from direct measurement of forged parts, with an average error of about 3.6 and 6.9 % for ferrite and pearlite phases, respectively. Tensile test results were evaluated at a 90 % reliability level, and very good agreements were obtained with an error of about 3 and 5 % for the yield and tensile strengths. The methodology could predict the phase transformations, and the mechanical properties during cooling after the hot forging of the steel were investigated.

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“…The final cooling rate makes it possible to control the austenite softening processes, and phase transformations during decomposition of austenite and grain growth. The published results [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], and our experiences gained in the laboratory conditions using the hot deformation simulator Gleeble 3800 [13][14], as well as the semi-continuous hot rolling mill [15][16] prove the crucial role of the cooling parameters after hot forming. This can be deduced from the continuous cooling transformation diagrams, especially when considering the previous deformation history.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous cooling transformation diagrams of HSLA steel for seamless tubes production

Schindler

Kawulok

Seillier

et al. 2019

J min metall B Metall

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The CCT and two DCCT diagrams were constructed for the HSLA steel containing Cr, V, Nb, and N microadditions, taking into account industrial processing parameters of this material in a seamless tubes rolling mill. The typical finish hot rolling temperature of 1173 K was used for the construction of the standard CCT diagram and the effect of previous austenite deformation at this temperature was evaluated in the DCCT diagram. Another DCCT diagram was developed after heating at 1553 K, followed by plastic deformation at 1173 K. The prior austenite grain size in the hot rolled material after heating at 1173 K was approx. 10 m, the heating of the as-cast material at 1553 K resulted in the prior austenite grain size over 200 m. The effect of the previous austenite deformation after low-temperature heating on the CCT diagram was negligible. The high-temperature heating showed a great influence on the austenite decomposition processes. The Ferrite-start temperature was significantly reduced at high cooling rates and the preferred decomposition of coarse grained austenite to acicular ferrite suppressed the bainite transformation at medium cooling rates. The developed DCCT diagrams can be used for the prediction of austenite decomposition products during the cooling of the seamless tubes from the finish rolling temperature. The CCT diagram can be utilized for the quality heat treatment of tubes.

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Effect of hot rolling history and cooling rate on the phase transformation of plain carbon steel

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

The combined effect of chemical composition and cooling rate on transformation temperatures of hypoeutectoid steels

The combined effect of chemical composition and cooling rate on transformation temperatures of hypoeutectoid steels

Experimental evaluation and FE simulation of phase transformations and tensile stresses in hot forging and controlled cooling

Continuous cooling transformation diagrams of HSLA steel for seamless tubes production

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