Effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on periodontal status of postmenopausal women

Abstract

SummaryBackgroundThe risks/benefits balance of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal status of a postmenopausal women group receiving HRT and to determine the effects of HRT on clinical measures of periodontal disease.Material/MethodsNinety-one postmenopausal women, 52 taking HRT (HRT+) and 39 not taking HRT (HRT−), completed the study. Clinical parameters measured included visible supragingival plaque, probing pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Gingival status was recorded as gingival bleeding on probing (BOP). Previous oral contraceptive use and current and past smoking status were also assessed.ResultsData indicated that PD and CAL were not significantly different between HRT+ patients and HRT− patients (P=0.8067 and P=0.1627, respectively). The HRT+ group exhibited significantly lower visible plaque levels compared to the control group (P<0.0001). The percentage of gingival sites with positive BOP was significantly lower in the HRT+ group compared to the HRT− group (34.85% vs. 65.15%; P=0.0007). Plaque accumulation was also tested in ANCOVA as a possible explanatory variable for the differences observed in gingival bleeding. The ANCOVA showed no significant differences in gingival bleeding between HRT+ and HRT− women (P=0.4677). No significant differences in past smoking status and oral contraceptive use were detected between HRT+ and HRT− women (P=0.9999 and P=0.0845, respectively).ConclusionsThese findings indicated that long-term HRT was not associated with relevant effects on periodontal status and clinical measures of periodontal disease, thus suggesting that HRT may not confer protection against periodontitis in postmenopausal women.

Sex hormone replacement therapy in periodontology—A systematic review

“…The participants’ ages ranged from 32 to 72 years. Only three studies reported the race/ethnicity of the participants (Norderyd et al, ; Pizzo et al, ; Wang, LaMonte et al, ), being composed of Caucasian women.…”

“…The PPD was registered in six sites per tooth of the participants in four studies (Çekici et al, ; Norderyd et al, ; Persson et al, ; Pizzo et al, ). Tarkkila et al () reported PPD on 4 sites per tooth of postmenopausal women while López‐Marcos et al () recorded the deeper value of PPD in each dental surface analysed.…”

“…Tarkkila et al () reported PPD on 4 sites per tooth of postmenopausal women while López‐Marcos et al () recorded the deeper value of PPD in each dental surface analysed. Two studies reported the mean PPD (mm) of each group (Norderyd et al, ; Pizzo et al, ). Çekici et al () recorded the mean PPD (mm) in the first, third and sixth month of study.…”

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Turnover Markers in Premenopausal vs Postmenopausal Women receiving Orthodontic Treatment

“…Earlier also, the authors reported similar findings in their study. 5 Pizzo et al 15 evaluated the periodontal parameters in female subjects with postmenopausal status receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT).…”

Host Modulation

“…It is selectively expressed in osteoclasts and plays pivotal role in degradation of bone matrix [56]. It is the only known mammalian proteinase that can solubilize both, type I and type II collagens increased in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontitis, which correlated with an increased concentration of RANKL.…”