Effect of home-based high-intensity interval training using telerehabilitation among coronary heart disease patients

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the world's most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the population, including Central Europe. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective preventive approach that includes several core components. Physical training is identified as an integral and essential part of CR. Training can positively influence several cardiovascular risk factors in people diagnosed with coronary heart disease and prevent them from clinical events. Our study aims to research the method of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in a home environment using telerehabilitation. We assume that the HIIT form of telerehabilitation, using a heart rate monitor as a tool for backing up training data, can improve cardiorespiratory fitness and lead to higher peak oxygen uptake than the traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Methods: This study is designed as a monocentral randomized controlled trial at University Hospital Brno in the Czech Republic. After the coronary heart event, the suitable patients will be randomized (1:1 ratio) and separated into 2 groups: the experimental HIIT group and the control MICT group. Both groups undergo a 12-week telerehabilitation with a 1-year follow-up period. Study participants will be telemonitored during physical training in their home environment via a heart rate monitor and a web platform. Once a week, the patients will give their feedback and motivation by a telephone call. The primary outcome observed will be the effect of intervention expressed by changes in cardiorespiratory fitness. Secondary outcomes will be the health-related quality of life, anxiety, training adherence, body composition, safety, and satisfaction. Discussion: The HIIT is widely researched predominantly in a center-based supervised form. Our study differs from others by the use of telemedicine and smart technologies in home-based settings. Previous home-based cardiac telerehabilitation studies have focused primarily on MICT, which has demonstrated feasibility, and results have shown similar improvements as center-based CR. There is a presumption that HIIT may be superior to MICT. However, it can be complicated to self-dose the method in the home environment. Investigators expect that HIIT research will provide insight into the possibilities of telemedicine feasibility, effect, and limitations of coronary heart disease patients’ use at low to moderate cardiovascular risk.

Feasibility, safety, and adherence of a remote physical and cognitive exercise protocol for older women

“…12 The combined interventions of physical exercises with cognitive stimulation performed in sedentary posture or activities requiring the use of technology (such as exergames) can improve cognitive functions. [13][14][15][16][17] The COVID-19 pandemic has had consequences on people's health, impacting anxiety and depressive symptoms. 18 About 80 to 95% of fatal cases from COVID-19 in Europe and Asia were among people over 60 years old.…”

High-Intensity Interval Training Applied to Physical Training

“…Correct training can enable athletes to have physical and psychological adaptability to high-intensity competition, so they can play stably or even supernormal in the high-intensity actual competition environment. 7 This is because during the training interval of high-intensity exercise, the blood lactic acid concentration in the blood is always in a high state, and it is continuously delivered to each muscle cell to fully exchange energy with the intracellular environment and carry out a series of complex oxidation reactions, that is, the cardiovascular system and respiratory system are always at a high operating level. On the basis of this physical state, if continuous high-intensity exercise stimulation is carried out, it can enhance the transport and chemical ability of various functions of the body, improve the anti lactic acid ability to a certain extent, enhance the anaerobic glycolysis function, prolong the time of exercise fatigue, and significantly improve the training efficiency.…”

Experimental Study on the Impact of Intermittent Strengthening Training on Athletes

“…Compared with moderate intensity continuous training, HIIT can also produce good training effects and requires less exercise. 2 Studies show that in the early 1960s, Dang W used interval training method to guide the training of the Australian swimming team, and achieved remarkable results in the world swimming community at that time. Subsequently, coaches of various countries used interval training method to guide the training of periodic endurance events such as rowing, road cycling and short track speed skating, and achieved excellent results in each event.…”