“…Dendrobiums are epiphytic by nature and require a porous growing medium, which provides good drainage and aeration. Potting media for dendrobiums typically consists of charcoal, brick pieces, osmunda fiber, and coconut fiber in various proportions for ideal vegetative growth and flowering (Ahmad et al., 2014; Gupta & Saravanan, 2017; Hariyanto et al., 2019; Sabareeswaran et al., 2018; Sanghamitra et al., 2019a, 2019b; Srinivasulu et al., 2017). Although charcoal and osmunda fiber are good components in a growing medium, they are expensive and have typically been replaced by coconut husks (Sanguthai, 1990; Thammasiri, 2015).…”