Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on T-Cell Sub-population Profile in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infected Patients

Abstract

Abstract:The range of T cell abnormalities in advanced HIV-1 infection treatment is broad. The defects are both quantitative and qualitative and affect virtually every limb of the immune system. Beyond the precise measurement of naive T cells (CD45RA + CCR7 + CD27 + CD28 + ), the differential expression of different molecules on T cell allows the distinction between numerous subsets of resting or antigen-experienced T cells on the treatment. However, in spite of intense investigation, the mechanisms underlying highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) -induce immune reconstitution remain to be fully characterized. HAART treatment induced changes in the peripheral distribution of naïve (CD45RA + CD62L + ) and memory CD45RA -CD62L + ) cells, CCR5, CXCR4 -, CD95 -expressing T cells, T-reg cells and on gamma delta (ϒδ) T cells. As a concluding remark prolonged suppression of plasma viral load ( pVL) by HAART improves not only ɑβ T-cell function but also ϒδ T-cell reactivity, and it is strongly recommended that once started the treatment, sever immunocompromized patient should continue the treatment for long time.