Effect of high pressure ammoniation procedure on the detoxification of aflatoxins

Gomaa, Mohamed; Ayesh, A.M.; Galil, M M Abdel; Naguib, Khayria

doi:10.1007/bf02945059

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The level of destruction from high pressure ammoniation can be increased by increasing the temperature with destruction of AFB 1 by 2% ammonia under atmospheric pressure/ambient temperature for 24 h was 88%, being reported; while AFB 1 in contaminated grain was inactivated by more than 99% by a high temperature/high pressure (121 • C/2 bar) ammoniation procedure. 216 Indeed a high temperature/high pressure ammoniation procedure (80-120 • C/35-50 psi) has been commercially used to detoxify aflatoxin from cottonseed in Arizona, Texas, and California and from cottonseed meal in Arizona. 171 AFB 1 degradation by ammonia occurs as a result of hydrolysis of the lactone ring followed by decarboxylation to two major non-toxic compounds namely AFD 1 and loss of the cyclopentenone ring to give a compound of molecular weight 206 167,170,171,213 AFD 1 appears much less toxic than the parent AFB 1 molecule in the range of 130-20 000.…”

Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…188,213−218 It is the method of choice in some North American States (Arizona, California, Texas, Georgia, Alabama); and in France and Senegal for detoxifying aflatoxins in contaminated peanut, cotton, and maize meals. 170,171,216 Ammoniated peanut meal is routinely imported by several European Union member countries. In contrast, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not as yet permit interstate shipment of ammoniated cottonseed or maize.…”

Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Strategies to Prevent Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Animal Feed: A Review

Kabak

Dobson

Var

2006

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

734

514

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Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that have been associated with severe toxic effects to vertebrates produced by many important phytopathogenic and food spoilage fungi including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria species. The contamination of foods and animal feeds with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem. We reviewed various control strategies to prevent the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi as well as to inhibit mycotoxin biosynthesis including pre-harvest (resistance varieties, field management and the use of biological and chemical agents), harvest management, and post-harvest (improving of drying and storage conditions, the use of natural and chemical agents, and irradiation) applications. While much work in this area has been performed on the most economically important mycotoxins, aflatoxin B(1) and ochratoxin A much less information is available on other mycotoxins such as trichothecenes, fumonisin B(1), zearalenone, citrinin, and patulin. In addition, physical, chemical, and biological detoxification methods used to prevent exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic effect of mycotoxins are discussed. Finally, dietary strategies, which are one of the most recent approaches to counteract the mycotoxin problem with special emphasis on in vivo and in vitro efficacy of several of binding agents (activated carbons, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, bentonite, zeolites, and lactic acid bacteria) have also been reviewed.

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Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Prevent Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Animal Feed: A Review

Kabak

Dobson

Var

2006

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

734

514

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…AFB 1 was reduced in groundnuts by 77% with 10 min of ozonation at 75 °C (Proctor et al, 2004). Ammonization also decontaminates produce containing aflatoxin when exposed for a long time at high temperature and high pressure (Gomaa et al, 1997). Sodium bisulphite (Doyle and Marth, 1978), potassium bisulphite (Doyle et al, 1982), and sodium chloride (Scott, 1984) are also reported to be effective chemical detoxifiers.…”

Section: Inactivation and Detoxification Of Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-harvest management of aflatoxin contamination in groundnut

Waliyar

Osiru

Ntare

et al. 2015

WMJ

103

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Aflatoxin contamination in groundnut by Aspergillus section Flavi is a major pre- and post-harvest problem causing kernel-quality loss. Post-harvest aflatoxin contamination is caused initially by infestation of aflatoxigenic strains at the pre-harvest stage, resulting in reduced kernel quality after harvest. Improper handling of pods and storage methods after harvest lead to high moisture and ambient temperatures, directly causing aflatoxin contamination. In this review, we report the extent of post-harvest contamination along the groundnut value chain in the Kolokani, Kayes, and Kita districts of Mali in West Africa. Groundnut kernels and paste samples were collected from retailers in selected markets from December 2010 to June 2011, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) content was estimated. Aflatoxin was significantly higher in groundnut paste than in kernels. Kolokani recorded the highest toxin levels in both kernels and groundnut paste compared with the other districts. Overall, AFB1 levels in kernels and paste increased during storage at the market level in the three districts and were above permissible levels (≯20 μg/kg). The effect of weather factors on post-harvest contamination and the reasons for aflatoxin build-up in Mali are discussed. This paper also highlights different management tools for reducing post-harvest aflatoxin contamination, such as post-harvest grain handling, post-harvest machinery, physical separation, storage methods and conditions, disinfestation, detoxification, inactivation, filtration, binding agents, and antifungal compounds. Post-harvest management options and enhanced use of good agricultural practices for mitigating this problem in Mali are also presented.

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“…All those methods mentioned above solely have had moderate to high success in reducing AFB1 levels; nevertheless, the highest efficacies are seen when they are combined with one another. The combination of ammonia and heat has been shown to drastically reduce treatment time from several days to 15-120 min and repeatedly manifested >99% reduction of AFB1 in a series of studies [129][130][131]. Proctor et al reported that heating along with ozonation turned out to have reduced treatment time and lower effective temperature while remaining as high as 77% reduction of AFB1 in peanuts at 75°C after only 10 min [132].…”

Section: Detoxification Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Toxic Effects of Aflatoxin B1: An Update

Shan¹

2020

Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence, Detection and Toxicological Effects

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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic in aflatoxin family. It is well known for its involvement in hepatic carcinogenesis. Other adverse effects include immune weakness, reproduction deficiency, malnutrition, and growth impairment. The key mechanism of AFB1 carcinogenesis is supposed to be epoxidation, which produce the AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO) strongly adductive to DNA molecules. Other metabolites like AFM1, AFH1, and AFL, which retain DNA adductive capability, extend its toxicity. Scientists now found that AFB1 also affected epigenetic regulation, which might shed new light into AFB1 toxicity mechanism researches. The detoxification of AFB1 has always been a hot spot in AFB1-related studies. The major methods can be categorized into physical treatment, biological treatment, chemical treatment, combination strategy, and sorbent additives. None of the methods is 100% perfect, however considering economic factors, simplicity, effectiveness, safety, and preservation of the food nutrition. This review will discuss the toxicity and toxic mechanisms of AFB1. Also, detoxification of AFB1 will be reviewed.2 as in the 1970s, its hepatocarcinogenic property has been testified in animal models [5], and there since, several epidemiological studies from Asia and Africa areas monitored intersection of high HCC incidence and AFB1 contamination, with 4.6-28.2% of HCC cases globally attributed to AFB1 exposure [6]. Moreover, hepatitis B virus (HBV) that cooperates with AFB1 can drastically increase the risk of HCC by 30-fold [7]. Recent researches also find evidences that hepatitis C virus (HCV) also has a synergistic role with AFB1 in hepatocarcinogenesis. Jeannot et al. found that the incidence of tumorous or pretumorous lesions was elevated by 2.5-fold in AFB1-treated HCV transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice [8]. Recently, a 20-year clinical follow-up study in Taiwan investigated HCC risk associated with AFB1 exposure in HCV-positive and HBV-HCV-negative individuals. HCV and AFB1 exposure were both found as independent risk factors for HCC development. Elevated serum AFB1albumin adduct levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of HCC newly developed within 8 years of follow-up in non-HBV-non-HCV participants with habitual alcohol consumption [crude OR (95% CI) for high vs. low/undetectable levels, 4.22 (1.16-15.37)], and HCV-infected participants [3.39 (1.31-8.77)], but not in non-HBV-non-HCV participants without alcohol drinking habit. Therefore, it indicated that AFB1 exposure contributes to the development of HCC in participants with significant risk factors for cirrhosis including alcohol and HCV infection [9]. What's more, AFB1 exposure can induce the increased levels of blood glucose in mice and, also, the high probability to develop liver cancer [10].Liver is not the only target organ of AFB1 toxification. Its impairment on the immune system has been established in both humans and animals. Several studies linked AFB1 exposure with reduced levels or functions of immunological factors, such as de...

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Effect of high pressure ammoniation procedure on the detoxification of aflatoxins

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Strategies to Prevent Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Animal Feed: A Review

Strategies to Prevent Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Animal Feed: A Review

Post-harvest management of aflatoxin contamination in groundnut

The Toxic Effects of Aflatoxin B1: An Update

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