Effect of high-intensity interval training on clinical and laboratory parameters of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The Efficacy of Physical Activity for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Five studies delivered the intervention as standalone treatment ( Bahram et al, 2014 ; Davis et al, 2017 ; Gelade et al, 2016 ; Oh et al, 2018 ; Soori et al, 2020 ), six delivered the intervention as adjunctive treatment to standard care ( Benzing & Schmidt, 2019 ; Choi et al, 2015 ; Felmet, 1998 ; Garcia-Gomez et al, 2016 ; Kang et al, 2011 ; Pan et al, 2016 ). One study included an active control group (standard care; Oh et al, 2018 ), one an active (methylphenidate) as well as a semi-active (neurofeedback) control group ( Gelade et al, 2016 ), and nine a passive control group: supportive therapy ( Choi et al, 2015 ; Kang et al, 2011 ), waiting list ( Benzing & Schmidt, 2019 ; Felmet (1998) ; Davis et al, 2017 ; Garcia-Gomez et al, 2016 ; Pan et al, 2016 ), no intervention ( Bahram et al, 2014 ; Soori et al, 2020 ). Outcome assessors were blinded in three studies ( Choi et al, 2015 ; Davis et al, 2017 ; Kang et al, 2011 ).…”

“…Outcome assessors were blinded in three studies ( Choi et al, 2015 ; Davis et al, 2017 ; Kang et al, 2011 ). Interventions were delivered group-based in nine studies ( Bahram et al, 2014 ; Benzing & Schmidt, 2019 ; Choi et al, 2015 ; Davis et al, 2017 ; Felmet, 1998 ; Garcia-Gomez et al, 2016 ; Kang et al, 2011 ; Oh et al, 2018 ; Soori et al, 2020 ), and individually in two studies ( Gelade et al, 2016 ; Gelade et al, 2018 ; Pan et al, 2016 ). Interventions were delivered by the investigators or related study personnel in four studies ( Bahram et al, 2014 ; Davis et al, 2017 ; Gelade et al, 2016 , 2018 ; Soori et al, 2020 ), by the parents in one study ( Benzing & Schmidt, 2019 ), and by a professional trainer in six studies ( Choi et al, 2015 ; Felmet, 1998 ; Garcia-Gomez et al, 2016 ; Kang et al, 2011 ; Oh et al, 2018 ; Pan et al, 2016 ).…”

“…Two RCTs were judged as raising some concerns ( Davis et al, 2017 ; Gelade et al, 2016 ). All remaining RCTs ( Bahram et al, 2014 ; Benzing & Schmidt, 2019 ; Choi et al, 2015 ; Felmet, 1998 ; Garcia-Gomez et al, 2016 ; Kang et al, 2011 ; Oh et al, 2018 ; Pan et al, 2016 ; Soori et al, 2020 ) were rated at an overall high risk of bias. All RCTs ( Bahram et al, 2014 ; Benzing & Schmidt, 2019 ; Choi et al, 2015 ; Davis et al, 2017 ; Felmet, 1998 ; Garcia-Gomez et al, 2016 ; Gelade et al, 2016 ; Kang et al, 2011 ; Oh et al, 2018 ; Pan et al, 2016 ; Soori et al, 2020 ) were judged as being at low risk of bias arising from the allocation process, since the allocation sequence was random and concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to the intervention.…”

“…Eleven RCTs including nine trials published in peer-reviewed journals (Bahram et al, 2014;Benzing & Schmidt, 2019;Choi et al, 2015;Garcia-Gomez et al, 2016;Gelade et al, 2016;Kang et al, 2011;Oh et al, 2018;Pan et al, 2016;Soori et al, 2020), one conference abstract (Davis et al, 2017), and one dissertation (Felmet, 1998) were included in the analysis. Two studies were conducted in Iran (Bahram et al, 2014;Soori et al, 2020), one each in Exclusion of full-text studies was performed sequentially, according to the following sequence: randomized allocation, ADHD diagnosis, intervention, control group, primary outcome, completed study, duplication or additional information, no access to necessary study data. Studies that were included in previous meta-analyses (Cerrillo-Urbina et al, 2015;Zang, 2019), but excluded in the screening process of this metaanalysis are reported in Online Resource 4.…”

“…Therefore, the use of these results in evidence-based guidelines ( Erickson et al, 2019 ; Feldman et al, 2018 ) is questionable. Moreover, several recent RCTs were not included in both meta-analyses ( Bahram et al, 2014 ; Benzing & Schmidt, 2019 ; Davis et al, 2017 ; Garcia-Gomez et al, 2016 ; Gelade et al, 2016 ; Pan et al, 2016 ; Soori et al, 2020 ). To overcome these limitations, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs that included regular MVPA interventions for children and adolescents with ADHD and also measured post-differences in symptoms between intervention and control groups on a clinically valid ADHD rating scale.…”