Effect of High-Impact Aerobics and Strength Training on BMD in Young Women Aged 20-35 Years

Abstract

To evaluate the effects of a 12-month exercise intervention using either high-impact step aerobic exercise or moderate-intensity strength training on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) we studied 51 untrained women, aged 20-35 years, for this study. Whole body and heel and wrist aBMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic or PIXI Lunar). Subjects were randomly assigned to: impact-loaded step aerobic exercise (SA, n=15), moderate-intensity lower body strength training (ST, n=16) or non-exercise control (CON, n=20). Data analysis only included those who completed 95% of each training routine and attended at least 80% of all sessions. Group differences in aBMD, leg press strength and urinary cross-link deoxypridinoline (μDPD) were analysed using analysis of variance. After a 12-month intervention, the SA elicited an increase in aBMD of the heel (4.4%, p<0.05) and leg press strength (15%, p<0.05), relative to baseline. Meanwhile, the ST showed an increase in leg press strength (48%, p<0.05) with no significant increase in aBMD at any measured site. Similar and unchanged μDPD was observed in all 3 groups at baseline, 6 and 12 months. In conclusion, a 12-month high-impact step aerobic exercise resulted in a significant increase in the heel aBMD in untrained young women, who complied with the exercise regimen. A moderate intensity strength training intervention of similar duration had no effect on aBMD although leg strength increased significantly.

Increased density and periosteal expansion of the tibia in young adult men following short-term arduous training

“…The findings from animal models are corroborated, to a certain extent, in human studies that report increased areal bone mineral density following high impact exercise [14][15][16][17] Areal BMD is not a suitable surrogate measure of bone strength with exercise interventions [18] since animal studies report large changes in bone strength despite only modest changes in density [1,19]. This is supported in cross-sectional studies of athletes using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT), which describe a thicker cortex in the playing arm of tennis players [20], the tibia of triple jumpers [21] and in athletes from impact sports [22] compared with matched controls, with little or no differences in density [23].…”

Health behaviors of Korean female nursing students in relation to obesity and osteoporosis

“…smoking (yes/no), alcohol consumption (yes/no), and regular exercise, which was defined as 3 days a week of moderate intensity exercise (Kelley, Kelley, & Kohrt, 2013a, 2013bLiang et al, 2011) (yes/no). Subjects were additionally asked to write estimates of how many days and hours per week that they exercised in a week.…”

Effects of Whole-Body Vibration and High-Impact Aerobic Training on Bone Metabolism and Body Balance in Premenopausal Women

“…In their trial, the daily stimulus was only 4 minutes long three to five times per week for 8 months. In addition, in a 16-week study involving 51 healthy, active With regard to HIA exercises in premenopausal women, a couple of recent papers [22][23][24] reported the effects of exercise on bone metabolism. Heinonen et al [22] stated that an 18-month high-impact exercise intervention strengthened the femoral neck in premenopausal women by enhancing its structural properties.…”

“…Heinonen et al [22] stated that an 18-month high-impact exercise intervention strengthened the femoral neck in premenopausal women by enhancing its structural properties. Liang et al [23] concluded that a 12-month high-impact step aerobic exercise program resulted in a significant increase in the heel areal BMD in untrained young women aged 20 to 35 years who complied with the exercise regimen. A moderate-intensity strength-training intervention of similar duration had no effect on areal BMD, although leg strength increased significantly.…”

“…Improvement in BMD after aerobic exercise reportedly depends on the degree of intensity strength training [23]. In addition, the vibration stimulus can be varied in multiple ways (including type, magnitude, frequency, and duration) with different effects on bone mass [17,25].…”