Effect of high-fat diet on body mass and energy balance in the bank vole

Peacock, W L; Speakman, John R.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00533-9

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In a previous paper, I have highlighted one such scenario. That is, a situation where our body fatness was historically regulated by system that involves upper and lower intervention limits, as appears to be the case in some wild animals today (for example, El Bakry et al, 67 Peacock and Speakman, 68 and Krol et al 69 ). The lower intervention limit is set by the risk of starvation, and the upper intervention limit is set by the risk of predation.…”

Section: An Alternative Perspective: 'Drifty' Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thrifty genes for obesity, an attractive but flawed idea, and an alternative perspective: the ‘drifty gene’ hypothesis

2008

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Almost 50 years ago Neel proposed a hypothesis to explain the prevalence of obesity and diabetes in modern societyFthe 'thrifty gene' hypothesis. The fundamental basis of the hypothesis was that, in our early evolutionary history, genes, that promoted efficient fat deposition would have been advantageous because they allowed their holders to survive at periods of famine. In modern society, such genes are disadvantageous because they promote fat deposition in preparation for a famine that never comes, and the result is widespread obesity and diabetes. In recent years I, and others, have questioned some of the fundamental assumptions of this hypothesisFparticularly focusing on whether differential survival of lean against obese in famines provides sufficient selective pressure for the spread of so-called 'thrifty genes'. These arguments have been criticized because famines not only affect survival but also fecundity, and obese people would be expected to sustain fecundity longer in the face of food shortages. In this paper, I show that the reduced fecundity argument is flawed because famines are almost universally followed by periods of enhanced fecundity, which offsets the decline observed during the famine itself. The net effect of famines on fecundity is consequently insufficient to rescue the thrifty gene idea. Elsewhere, I have suggested an alternative scenario that subsections of the population have a genetic predisposition to obesity due to an absence of selection, combined with genetic drift. The scenario presented earlier was based on evidence from prehistory concerning the release of our ancestors from heavy predation pressure around 2 million years ago. I suggest here that this is one of a number of potential scenarios based on random genetic drift that may explain the specific aetiology of the obesity epidemic. Together, these alternatives, based on central notion that genetic drift rather than positive selection was a dominant factor, may be called the 'drifty gene' hypothesis.

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Section: An Alternative Perspective: 'Drifty' Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thrifty genes for obesity, an attractive but flawed idea, and an alternative perspective: the ‘drifty gene’ hypothesis

2008

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“…Each respirometry measurement lasted for 2·h and food and water were not denied prior to measurements. Voles were placed in a sealed Perspex chamber within an incubator (INL-401N-010, Gallenkamp, Loughborough, UK) at a temperature of 25±0.5°C, which is within the thermoneutral zone of these animals (Peacock and Speakman, 2001). Air was dried using silica gel (BDH, UK) and pumped through the system at a rate of 600-800·ml·min -1 (Alexander Wright flowmeter DM3A, Zeal Ltd., London, UK).…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiodic effects on body mass, energy balance and hypothalamic gene expression in the bank vole

Peacock

Król

Moar³

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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We examined the effect of increasing photoperiod, at a constant low temperature, on the body mass and energy budget of the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus. Simultaneously, we determined the hypothalamic gene expression of neuropeptides and receptors known to be involved in short-term energy balance. Despite an increase in body mass (approximately 10% of initial mass), we found no significant changes in any energetic parameters (food intake, energy assimilation rate, resting metabolic rate and total daily energy expenditure by doubly-labelled water). Apparent energy assimilation efficiency was higher in voles exposed to long-days (LD) compared to short-days (SD). Surprisingly, gene expression of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF; in the paraventricular nucleus), and the melanocortin-3 receptor (in the arcuate nucleus), both known to be involved in appetite suppression and elevation of energy expenditure in short-term energy balance, were higher in voles kept in LD compared to SD. CRF expression was also elevated in females compared to males. These paradoxical data suggest an alternative mechanism for the control of seasonal body mass changes compared to short-term body mass changes, and between male and female voles. Furthermore, they highlight the need for studies to perform simultaneous measurements at both the molecular and whole animal levels.

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“…Lu et al (2007) found that Brandt's voles experiencing short-day history increased their body mass and body fat mass after being transferred to the long-day condition, suggesting that not only short day but also long day imposed a great effect on body mass. It was reported that the species showing decreases in body mass or body fat mass in fall for seasonal acclimatization or short day for acclimation tended to resist to high-fat diet-induced obesity (Peacock & Speakman 2001;Krol et al 2005). In contrast to Siberian hamsters Bartness et al 1989), meadow voles ), Shaw's jirds (El-Bakry et al 1999) and bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) (Peacock & Speakman 2001), A. chevrieri that were exposed to a high-fat diet increased their body fat mass in either long or short day, and showed high-fat diet-induced obesity.…”

Section: Body Mass and Body Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that mammalian species displaying different seasonal changes in body mass and body fat mass also show different responses to a high-fat diet (El-Bakry et al 1999;Peacock & Speakman 2001). Those species that exhibit increases in body mass and body fat mass in response to short day tend to develop the so-called high-fat diet-induced obesity (HFD-DIO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those species that exhibit increases in body mass and body fat mass in response to short day tend to develop the so-called high-fat diet-induced obesity (HFD-DIO). So, species showing natural decrease in body mass and body fat mass in the fall and/or in short days are possibly resistant to HFD-DIO (ElBakry et al 1999;Peacock & Speakman 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet induced obesity inApodemus chevrieri(Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae)

Gao

Zhu

Zhou³

et al. 2014

Italian Journal of Zoology

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To test the hypothesis that mammals that show decrease in body mass under short-day condition should be resistant to highfat induced obesity, we traced the changes of energy balance in a wild rodent, Apodemus chevrieri, which were acclimated to either long day [16 light (L):8 dark (D), LD] or short day (8 L:16D, SD) and fed either a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) in each photoperiodic manipulation. We found that A. chevrieri was not resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity, and SD, not HFD, induced the elevation in basal metabolic rate (BMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) content in brown adipose tissue (BAT). HFD caused the increase in apparent digestibility and body fat mass, and the decrease in energy intake in both LD and SD A. chevrieri. The enhancement of energy absorption associated with small intestine tissue recruitment can compensate the lower energy intake, which may contribute to the highfat diet-induced body fat deposition. Thus, a decrease in body-weight gain without resistance to high-fat induced obesity implies an evolutionary and adaptive mechanism, which is a benefit for their winter survival.

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Effect of high-fat diet on body mass and energy balance in the bank vole

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Thrifty genes for obesity, an attractive but flawed idea, and an alternative perspective: the ‘drifty gene’ hypothesis

Thrifty genes for obesity, an attractive but flawed idea, and an alternative perspective: the ‘drifty gene’ hypothesis

Photoperiodic effects on body mass, energy balance and hypothalamic gene expression in the bank vole

Diet induced obesity inApodemus chevrieri(Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae)

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