Effect of high-fat diet on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and adipose tissue in early stages of diet-induced weight gain

Abstract

Subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) play a significant role in obesity-associated systemic low-grade inflammation. High-fat diet (HFD) is known to induce inflammatory changes in both scAT and PBMCs. However, the time course of the effect of HFD on these systems is still unknown. The aim of the current study was to determine the time course of the effect of high fat diet (HFD) on PBMCs and scAT. New Zealand white rabbits were fed HFD for 5 or 10 weeks (i.e., HFD-5 and HFD-10), or regular chow (i.e., CNT-5 and CNT-10). Thereafter, metabolic and inflammatory parameters of PBMCs and scAT were quantitated. HFD induced hyperfattyacidemia in HFD-5 and HFD-10 groups, with the development of insulin resistance (IR) in HFD-10, while no changes were observed in scAT lipid metabolism and inflammatory status. HFD activated the inflammatory pathways in PBMCs of HFD-5 group, and induced modified autophagy in that of HFD-10. The rate of fat oxidation in PBMCs was directly associated with the expression of inflammatory markers; and tended to inversely associate with autophagosome formation markers in PBMCs. HFD affected systemic substrate metabolism, and the metabolic, inflammatory, and autophagy pathways in PBMCs in the absence of metabolic and inflammatory changes in scAT. Dietary approaches or interventions to avert HFD-induced changes in PBMCs could be essential in prevention of metabolic and inflammatory complications of obesity, and promote healthier living.

High-Fat, Western-Style Diet, Systemic Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

“…Interestingly, Lowry et al showed that HFD induces macrophages' autophagy pathway in rabbits, however, autophagy was impaired: the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and the maturation of this complex was disrupted. Thus, HFD leads to modification of the autophagy pathway, which possibly contributes to enhanced proinflammatory monocyte-macrophage polarization [286,287]. Moreover, an HFD impairs the activation of inflammatory and autophagy pathways in macrophages before metabolic and inflammatory changes occur in adipose tissue, highlighting the importance of immune cells in HFD-mediated inflammation in peripheral tissues [286].…”

Amelioration of hippocampal dysfunction by adipose tissue‐targeted stem cell transplantation in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

“…To verify the effect of HFD on serum lipids, the triglycerides and FFAs were extracted as described previously (Lowry, ). Briefly, total lipids were isolated using Folch method with a heptane‐propanol extraction buffer (n‐Heptane: Cat # H350A—Fisher Scientific—2013; Propanol: Cat # A451—Fisher Scientific—2011; HCl, 1N: Cat # 02–003–021—Fisher Scientific—2013; Extraction solution composition: 1:10:40 of 1N HCl:n‐Heptane:Propanol—2019).…”

“…To verify the effect of HFD on serum lipids, the triglycerides and FFAs were extracted as described previously (Lowry, 2019). Briefly, total lipids were isolated using Folch method with a heptane-propanol extraction buffer (n-Heptane: Cat Agilent, Santa Clara, CA-2019).…”

Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Revealed Lipometabolic Disorders in Perirenal Adipose Tissue of Rabbits Subject to a High-fat Diet

“…Rabbits are economically important domestic animals raised primarily as a source of animal protein, and more recently used as a practical model for obesity-related studies [24]. A previous study have reported that the subcutaneous adipose tissue of HFD fed New Zealand white rabbits after 5 or 10 weeks plays a signi cant role in obesity-associated systemic low-grade in ammation [25]. Additionally, there was a study that evaluated changes in blood vessel function using a HFD rabbit model [26].…”