Effect of High Calcium Fly Ash, Ladle Furnace Slag, and Limestone Filler on Packing Density, Consistency, and Strength of Cement Pastes

Abstract

Environmental considerations and technical benefits have directed research towards reducing cement clinker content in concrete, and one of the best ways to do this is to replace cement with supplementary cementitious materials. High calcium fly ash, ladle furnace slag, and limestone filler were investigated as supplementary cementitious materials in cement pastes, and binary mixtures were produced at 10%, 20%, and 30% cement replacement rates for each material. The water requirement for maximum packing and for normal consistency were obtained for each paste, and strength development was determined at 3, 7, 28, and 90 days for the 20% replacement rate. Furthermore, two ternary mixtures at 30% cement replacement were also prepared for maximum packing density and tested for compressive strength development. The results showed that high calcium fly ash decreased cement paste packing and increased water demand but contributed to strength development through reactivity. Ladle furnace slag and limestone filler, on the other hand, were less reactive and seemed to contribute to strength development through the filler effect. The ternary paste with 70% cement, 20% high calcium fly ash, and 10% limestone filler showed equivalent strength development to that of the reference cement paste.

Particles spasing of supplementary cementitious materials in binary blended cements

“…For the fi ne aggregate [FA], CEN-standard sand [Normensand GmbH, Germany] according to EN 196-1 (9) was used. Its density was 2.65 g/cm 3 and the surface calculated area was 8.1 m 2 /kg.…”

“…[UMC] [1). Ze względu na to, że UMC wypełniają pory pomiędzy cząstkami cementu i poprawiają ich wiązanie, są coraz częściej stosowane w produktach opartych na cemencie, zarówno w celu poprawy ich właściwości, a także zmniejszenia "śladu węglowego" cementu (3) that the incorporation of these SCM on the packing density is highly related to the particle size distribution and the optimal addition of SCM to the blended cements, assures maximum packing density.…”

“…CEN [Normensand GmbH, Niemcy] wg EN 196-1 (9). Jego gęstość wynosiła 2,65 g/cm 3 , a obliczona powierzchnia 8,1 m 2 /kg. ture.…”

“…Environmental and technical considerations are closely related to the reduction of cement clinker content in concrete and one of the best ways is to replace cement with supplementary cementitious materials [SCM] (1). Since SCM fi ll the porosity between cement particles and improve their binding action are used increasingly in cement-based products, either to improve their properties or to reduce the carbon footprint of cement (3).…”

Assessment of a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash as a Candidate Pozzolanic Material: Comparison of Test Methods

“…Accordingly, many researchers have turned their attention to finding alternative materials to be used as SCMs, focusing on industrial or agriculture waste. Within the first group, it is worth mentioning rock-wool waste [13], electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) [14] and other steel slags, i.e., ladle furnace slag (LFS) [15][16][17][18][19], glass waste [20], cocombustion fly ashes [21] and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash [22]; in the second, we can mention sugarcane bagasse ash [23] and rice husk ash [24,25]. When dealing with these materials, there are two main challenging objectives that need to be reached: ensuring that the waste is stable, both from a chemical and volumetric point of view, and that it is able to develop a pozzolanic behavior.…”