Effect of Hexamethylenetetramine of Zinc Oxide Nanowires Using Chemical Bath Deposition Method

Abstract

In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires are grown by chemical bath deposition (CBD) using aqueous solutions with [Zn (NO3)2]: [HMTA] ratios of 1:2/5, 1:1/2, 1:2/3, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The effects of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) on the formation of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires are investigated. The XRD results reveal that the dominant peak observed at 2θ = 36.25° indicates preferential growth along the (101) crystal plane, and the ZnO nanowires have a larger crystallite size than the others. The length of the ZnO nanowires, grows with a ZnO seed in the thickness of one and three layers, gets increased from 256.16 ± 15.15 to 497.80 ± 7.84 nm, while the diameter decreases from 497.80 ± 7.84 to 50.34 ± 4.23 nm. The ZnO nanowires deposited by one layer show a similar pattern with the three layers, in which the length is increased from 8.44 ± 0.31 to 14.60 ± 0.51 µm, and the diameter has decreased from 1.95 ± 0.09 to 0.49 ± 0.06 µm. These results support the role of HMTA as a capping agent for the production of ammonia (NH3). This study can control the dimensions of ZnO nanowires using the HMTA concentration to obtain extra‐long nanowires desired for piezoelectric applications.