Effect of herbicide application on fruit characters of <i>Xanthium strumarium</i> L. populations

Zhang, J.; Cavers, Paul B.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1994.tb02000.x

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Average seed weight did not differ among cohorts or years or by crop competition (data not shown), and therefore, this value was used to calculate seed production from total seed weight. For other species, differences in seed mass have been found among plants (Hubner et al 2003;Luzuriaga et al 2006;Mennan et al 2006;Zhang and Cavers 1994;Zhang and Hamill 1996). The plasticity in the reproductive fitness of corn poppy is not related to the weight or size of seeds but to the number of capsules per plant and the number of seeds per capsule.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demography of Corn Poppy (Papaver rhoeas) in Relation to Emergence Time and Crop Competition

Torra

Guinjuan

2008

Weed Science

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Twenty-day cohorts of corn poppy were grown in the presence or absence of barley, and seedling survival, biomass accumulation and allocation, plant reproduction, and seed dormancy were measured. Seedling survivorship and biomass accumulation differed strongly among cohorts and were influenced by crop competition. In the absence of crop competition, plants from the first three cohorts (emerging October to January) had 900% higher biomass and 160% more seeds per plant than later cohorts (emerging January to April). Crop competition reduced cohort fitness; for example, in 2003 to 2004, corn poppy biomass was reduced 57 to 96%, and seed production 77 to 97%. Seeds collected from plants that had emerged in spring were less dormant, and thus, germination and emergence of these seeds were higher (25% higher and 200 to 600% higher, respectively) than those for seeds collected from other cohorts. Environmental factors at the time of seed formation may be responsible for the observed differences in dormancy. Cohort-dependent emergence, growth, reproduction, and dormancy have relevant implications for corn poppy management and demography in agricultural systems in northeastern Spain. The dormant seeds produced by autumn to winter cohorts will be the main contributors to the seed bank and weed population shift in subsequent generations. For efficient corn poppy management, the control of cohorts emerging before or with the crop in a cereal field is essential.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demography of Corn Poppy (Papaver rhoeas) in Relation to Emergence Time and Crop Competition

Torra

Guinjuan

2008

Weed Science

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“…Relatively few studies have examined the effects of sublethal rates of herbicides on weed reproductive traits. Bentazon [3-( I-methylethyl)-( 1H)-2, 1,3benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] applied POST at 1/2 the labelled rate to cocklebur (Xanthium strumariu11' L.) reduced the the total number of fruits produced per plant, the number of seeds per fruit, and mean seed weight (18,19). Lambsquarters (Che-lJopodiu11J albuln L.) plants sprayed with sublethal doses of2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] were slower to flower and Inature, and produced larger seeds with higher gennination rates, than unsprayed control plants (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Eastern Black Nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) to Low Rates of Imazethapyr and Metolachlor

Ward

Weaver

1996

Weed sci.

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Eastern black nightshade is a problem weed in soybeans primarily due to interference with harvesting operations and reductions in crop quality. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in 1990 and 1991 at Harrow, Ontario, to determine whether sublethal rates of imazethapyr and metolachlor could suppress growth and berry production by eastern black nightshade. In the greenhouse, plants treated with metolachlor PRE at 0.8 kg ai ha−1or imazethapyr POST at 30 g ai ha−1(1/3 to 1/2 the labelled rates) produced significantly fewer berries in the first flower cluster, with fewer seeds per berry, than untreated plants. When a surfactant was added to the imazethapyr, almost all flower buds in the first cluster were aborted. Treated plants recovered from the damage, however, and did not differ significantly from control plants in dry weight or berry production 110 DAP. In the field, application of 50 g ai ha−1imazethapyr POST (2/3 of the lowest labelled rate), with or without a surfactant, resulted in delayed flowering, abortion of most of the flower buds in the first cluster, and greatly reduced growth and total berry production between soybean leaf abscision and harvest. Application of metolachlor + metribuzin PPI in the field at 2/3 of the labelled rate (1.6 + 0.25 kg ai ha−1) was not sufficient to reduce nightshade growth and berry production after soybean leaf abscision. Sublethal rates of imazethapyr and metolachlor did not reduce seed viability in either the greenhouse or the field.

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Responses of Abutilon theophrasti to agricultural management systems

Zhang

Hamill

1996

Weed Research

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Summary Seeds of Abutilon theophrasti Medic., collected from plants growing in a continuous maize or soyabean field subjected to herbicide application, cultivation or no weed management for 10 years, differed significantly in their weight and germinability. The differences in mean weight and germinability of the progeny seeds were maintained when the parent plants were grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. The offspring of plants with or without previous exposure to atrazine responded similarly to the herbicide in all the measurements of the growth and development of the plants, except blooms. Significant differences between the two groups of plants were mainly observed in the weight and germinability of their seeds. Although plants with or without previous exposure to atrazine usually did not differ significantly in their response to the herbicide in terms of individual traits, they differed both in the amount and pattern of overall response across all traits. The difference in overall response between plants increased with increasing rate of atrazine. It is possible that previous exposure to the herbicide had caused minor variation in a group of inter‐correlated traits or in the strength or pattern of correlation among traits.

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Effect of herbicide application on fruit characters of Xanthium strumarium L. populations

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Demography of Corn Poppy (Papaver rhoeas) in Relation to Emergence Time and Crop Competition

Demography of Corn Poppy (Papaver rhoeas) in Relation to Emergence Time and Crop Competition

Response of Eastern Black Nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) to Low Rates of Imazethapyr and Metolachlor

Responses of Abutilon theophrasti to agricultural management systems

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