Effect of Heating Temperature on the Chemical Structure and of Conductivity Carbon from Candlenut Shells (<i>Aleurites Moluccana</i>)

Abstract

Candlenut Shells is one of the many commodities growing in Indonesia and experiencing rapid progress production development. The shell of candlenut has good characteristic that allow it to be used as carbon. activated carbon is one of material that can be applied for various application. In this paper, we reported the synthesis of activated carbon from candlenut shell in order to get high quality of carbon by controlling the heating temperature in synthesis. Variation of heating temperature in to produce carbon were 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 °C . FTIR Spectroscopy was carried out to determine the functional groups on the carbon from candlenut shells. FTIR analysis during the carbonization process was indicated the change in functional group of chemical structure from the candlenut shell, which is shown by decreasing the absorption spectrum of some functional groups of the candlenut shell after the carbonization process. The carbonization process has formed aromatic C = C and reduction functional group OH (aromatic compounds), C-H (aromatic ring), C-O (vibration ether structure) dan C=O (Ester compounds). And results of carbonization of candlenut shells at various temperatures have an electrical conductivity value that increases with increasing carbonization temperature. The carbonization temperature that is raised to 700 °C causes carbon to be more conductive with an increased electrical conductivity value. XRF characterization results also showed that in addition to carbon elements in the cundlenut shells, other elements were also found such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, potassium, strontium, manganese, iron and zinc. Ca and Mg are the largest content besides carbon.

Study of Chemical Structure and Electrical Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Activated Carbon from Candlenut Shell (Aleurites Moluccana)

“…Activated carbon is a type of carbon that has been activated using chemical process or by heat treatment which formed many pores in the order of micro until nanometres and produce a high specific surface area [4]. Activated carbon can be synthesized from various type of biomass, such as: wood, coconut shells, water hyacinth, oil palm bunches, bamboo, rice husks, corn cobs and others [5] [6]. Candlenut shell waste is one of biomass which has a high carbon content however has not been widely studied.…”

“…Activated carbon has been known having a widely application including as supercapacitor material [5], [9], additive material for battery electrode [10], adsorbent of metal pollutants [11], [12], and catalyst material [2], [13]. Activated carbon has unique characteristics, i.e., large specific surface area and its surface functional groups allow to interact with any ions.…”